Thorax - Pleurae, Lungs (1) Flashcards
Describe the fissures of the lungs.
The left lung has only one fissure: the oblique fissure.
The right lung has two fissures: the oblique fissure inferiorly, and the horizontal fissure superiorly.
The horizontal fissure of the right lung lies parallel to which rib?
4th rib. The 4th rib almost exactly overlies the horizontal fissure.
What are the four parts of the parietal pleura?
Costal part, Mediastinal part, Diaphragmatic part, Cervical part.
What is the pulmonary ligament?
This is an “empty” double layer of pleura, hanging from the inferior aspect of the root of the lung.
Where would you insert a needle for pericardiocentesis?
At the left 5th or 6th intercostal space near the sternum, because this is the “bare area” of pericardium, where there is no overlying lung or pleura. The cardiac notch of the left lung allows this space.
What are the major components of the roots of the lungs?
Main bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein.
Name the successive generations of airways.
Main bronchus –> lobar bronchi –> segmental bronchi (also called tertiary bronchi) –> conducting bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveolar sacs.
Approximately how many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung
Usually 10 in the right lung and 8 in the left lung.
What separates the bronchopulmonary segments from each other?
Connective tissue septa.
How many pulmonary arteries and how many pulmonary veins does each lung have?
Two pulmonary veins and one pulmonary artery per lung.
Which pulmonary vessels run together with the bronchi? Which run independently?
The arterial branches share the same course, branching simultaneously and running parallel. The pulmonary venous branches run independently of the bronchi, and they drain adjacent bronchopulmonary segments.
Which of the pleura is sensitive to pain?
The parietal pleura is extremely sensitive to pain, being richly supplied by branches of the intercostal and phrenic nerves. The visceral pleura is insensitive to pain because it receives no nerves of general sensation.
What are pleural reflections?
Pleural reflections are abrupt lines along which parietal pleura changes direction as it passes (reflects) from one wall of the pleural cavity to another.
Name all the pleural reflections.
Sternal, Costal, Vertebral.
