A few random "must-know"s for the MCQ exam

Question 1

At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm? Which structures accompany the oesophagus through this pathway?

Answer 1

T10 vertebral body. Vagus nerves, Oesophageal branches of the left gastric vessels, and a few lymphatics.

Question 2

At what vertebral level does the aorta pass through the diagphragm? Which structures accompany the aorta through this pathway?

Answer 2

T12 vertebral body. Thoracic duct, and sometimes the azygos and hemiazygos veins.

Question 3

What is the order of parts of the male urethra from bladder to external urethral opening?

Answer 3

Bladder, Internal urethral sphincter, Intramural urethra, Prostatic urethra, Intermediate urethra, Spongy urethra, External urethral opening.

Question 4

What is the motor innervation to the detrusor muscle?

Answer 4

Parasympathetic motor fibres from the pelvic splanchnic nerves and the inferior hypogastric plexus.

Question 5

What is the motor innervation to the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 5

Sympathetic. When a man ejaculates, it is the same sympathetic fibres causing ejaculation that simultaneously cause contraction of the internal urethral sphincter, prevening backflow of semen into the bladder. This sphincter also constricts with sympathetic stimulation during anxious periods of stage-fright urinary hesitation.

Question 6

Which nerve passes posterior to the root of the right lung?

Answer 6

The right vagus nerve.

Question 7

What are the origin and insertion of the popliteus muscle?

Answer 7

Origin: Lateral meniscus
Insertion: Tibia

Question 8

When the knee is locked, what action does the contracting popliteus have on the femur?

Answer 8

The popliteus slightly laterally rotates the femur to unlock the knee on the fixed tibia.

Question 9

Which part of the duodenum is in contact with the peritoneum?

Answer 9

1st part.

Question 10

Which part of the duodenum receives the bile duct and main pancreatic duct?

Answer 10

2nd part.

Question 11

Which part of the duodenum crosses anterior to the abdominal aorta?

Answer 11

3rd part.

Question 12

The superior mesenteric artery crosses anteriorly to which part of the duodenum?

Answer 12

3rd part.

Question 13

Which part of the duodenum lies anterior to the left psoas major?

Answer 13

4th part.

Question 14

What is another word for the duodenal cap? Where is the duodenal cap?

Answer 14

Also known as the duodenal ampulla, this is the first 2cm of the 1st part of the duodenum, distal to the pylorus. It has a mesentery and is mobile.

Question 15

Which nerve is in direct contact with the surgical neck of humerus, and should be considered in fractures of the surgical neck of humerus?

Answer 15

Axillary nerve.

Question 16

With regard to adduction and abduction, where is the central line (reference line) in the fingers? Where is it in the toes?

Answer 16

Fingers: 3rd digit (middle finger)
Toes: 2nd digit (next to the great toe)