Lower Limb - Gluteal Region (2) Flashcards
What is the sacrotuberous ligament?
The sacrotuberous ligament is the ligament connecting the spinous processes of the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity.
What is the sacrospinous ligament?
The sacrospinous ligament is the ligament connecting the spinous processes of the sacrum to the ischial spines.
What is the greater sciatic foramen?
The foramen bounded laterally by the greater sciatic notch of the ilium, and medially by the sacrotuberous ligament. It provides a passageway for the sciatic nerve.
What is the lesser sciatic foramen?
The foramen bounded by the sacrotuberous ligament and the sacrospinous ligament, providing a passageway for the pudendal nerve.
Name the proximal and distal attachments of gluteus maximus.
Proximal: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Distal: mostly into the iliotibial tract, but also into gluteal tuberosity on the posterior surface of the upper femur.
Which muscles keep the pelvis level when the ipsilateral leg is “standing on one leg”?
Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor of fascia lata.
Name the structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen.
Pudendal nerve, Internal Pudendal artery & vein.
Tendon of Obturator internus, Nerve to Obturator internus.
Name the structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen.
7 nerves, 3 sets of vessels, 1 muscle (piriformis).
Sciatic nerve, Superior Gluteal nerve, Inferior Gluteal nerve, Pudendal nerve, Posterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve, Nerve to Quadratis Femoris, Nerve to Obturator Internus.
Superior Gluteal artery & vein, Inferior Gluteal artery & vein, Internal Pudendal artery & vein.
What is the obturator foramen? Describe it.
This is the hole in the ischium, above the ischial tuberosity. It is between the superior pubic ramus and the inferior pubic ramus. It is almost completely closed over by the obturator membrane, which covers the whole foramen apart from the part occupied by the obturator canal.
