Lower Limb - Foot (1)

Question 1

Which muscles are in the first layer of the sole?

Answer 1

FDB, Abductor Hallucis, Abductor Digiti Minimi

Question 2

Which muscles are in the second layer of the sole?

Answer 2

Quadratus Plantae, Lumbricals, FHL tendon, FDL tendons.

Question 3

Which muscles are in the third layer of the sole?

Answer 3

Adductor Hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi, FHB.

Question 4

Which muscles are in the fourth layer of the sole?

Answer 4

Dorsal Interossei, Plantar Interossei.

Some will say that peroneus longus (fibularis longus) and tibialis posterior are also included in the 4th layer.

Question 5

Do the layers of the sole progress 1-4 from dorsal to plantar or plantar to dorsal?

Answer 5

Plantar to dorsal.

Question 6

What are the components of the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 6

Calcaneus, Cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals.

Question 7

What are the components of the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 7

Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, three Cuneiforms, 1st and 2nd and 3rd metatarsals.

Question 8

What kind of structures make up the Dynamic Supports to the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 8

Muscles.

tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, FHL, fibularis longus, intrinsic plantar muscles

Question 9

What kind of structures make up the Passive Supports to the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 9

Ligaments and the Plantar Aponeurosis.

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, plantar aponeurosis

Question 10

What is meant by the “spring” ligament?

Answer 10

This is another name for the Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament.