Neck - Regions (1)

Question 1

Name the borders of the “Posterior triangle of the neck” (called the “Lateral Cervical Region” in Moore and Dalley).

Answer 1

SCM, Clavicle (middle third), Trapezius.

Question 2

Name the borders of the “Anterior triangle of the neck” (called the “Anterior Cervical Region” in Moore and Dalley).

Answer 2

SCM, Mandible (inferior border), Midline of neck.

Question 3

Name the muscles found within the posterior triangle.

Answer 3

• Middle Scalene
• Posterior Scalene
• Levator Scapulae
• Splenius Capitus.
  Inferior belly of Omohyoid. (note that the superior belly is found in the anterior traingle)

Question 4

The anterior triangle is divided into four smaller triangles - name them.

Answer 4

In anticlockwise direction starting from the chin:

• Submental
• Submandibular (aka digastric)
• Carotid
• Muscular

Question 5

Name the four different layers of deep cervical fascia.

Answer 5

1 - Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
2 - Pretracheal layer
3 - Prevertebral layer
4 - Carotid sheath and alar fascia

Question 6

List the contents of the carotid sheath.

Answer 6

• Common carotid and Internal carotid arteries
• Internal jugular vein
• Vagus nerve
• Some deep cervical lymph nodes
• Carotid sinus nerve (to CN9)
• Sypathetic nerve fibres
• Upper part of CN12 (hypoglossal)
• Upper part of CN11 (accessory)

Question 7

What forms the roof of the posterior triangle?

Answer 7

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia.

Question 8

Name the arteries in the posterior triangle.

Answer 8

• Transverse Cervical artery (from thyrocervical trunk)
• Suprascapular artery (from thyrocervical trunk)
• Occipital artery
• Subclavian artery (3rd part)
  … there are also other arteries….

Question 9

Name the two veins that you should know are in the posterior triangle.

Answer 9

External jugular

Subclavian

Question 10

Name three important nerves in the posterior triangle.

Answer 10

• CN11 (spinal accessory nerve)
• Brachial plexus: roots
• Cervical plexus: roots
• Phrenic nerve
  (there are also many other nerves)

Question 11

Name the branches of the external carotid artery.

Answer 11

MNEMONIC (from inferior to superior):

• Some - Superior thyroid
• Anatomists - Ascending pharyngeal
• Like - Lingual
• Freaking - Facial
• Out - Occipital
• Poor - Posterior auricular
• Medical - Maxillary
• Students - Superficial temporal

Question 12

Name as many muscles as you can that are found in the anterior triangle.

Answer 12

• Suprahyoid muscles: mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastrics
• Infrahyoid muscles = strap muscles: superficial (sternohyoid, omohyoid) and deep (sternothyroid, thyrohyoid)

Question 13

Name the arteries of the anterior triangle.

Answer 13

Carotids.

• Common carotid
• Internal carotid
• External carotid and its branches

Question 14

At what level does the common carotid bifurcate into the external and internal carotids?

Answer 14

C3 (at the level of the hyoid bone).

Question 15

Name the cranial nerves that are found either entirely or partially within the anterior triangle.

Answer 15

Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Vagus (CN X)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)