Thorax II (part 2) Flashcards
what is the coronary sulcus
is a groove that externally separates the atria and ventricles
The anterior and posterior __________ sulci are grooves that externally separate the left and right ventricles
interventricular
The sulci house the __________ vasculature
coronary
The firbrous skeleton of the heart is composed of two fibrous rings encircling the __________ and _________ valves, two fibrous coronets encircling the ________ and ________ valves two _______ and membranous portions of the _________- septum, _______ septum, and ___________ septum
mitral and tricupsid, pulmonary and aortic valves, trigones, interatrial spetum, interventricular septum, atrioventricular septum
The right auricle is located on the right _______
atrium
the ________ auricle is a small flap like extension that uncreases capacity and overlaps the ascending aorta
right
the right atrium recieves oxygen-______ blood from the superior and inferior ______ _____, coronary sinus, and anterior _______ veins
poor, vena cavae, cardiac
the ____ _____ (posterior smooth wall) and _______ muscles (anterior wall) of the right atrium are seperated by the ______ __________
sinus venarum, pectinate, crista terminalis
the interatrial septum in the right atrium has the _____ ______ (small oval depression that is the site of the closed foramen ovale during fetal development)
fossa ovalis
the right atrium houses the ______ ______ (pacemaker)
sinoatrial node
the right ventricle recieves oxygen-__________ blood from the right _______ through the right ____________ orifice that is gaurded by the tricuspid valve
poor, atrium, atrioventricular
The walls of the right ventricle contain muscular ridges called the __________ _______ and _____ muscles that connect to valve cusps via chordae tendinea
trabeculae carnae, papillary
what are the papillary muscles in the right ventricle?
anterior, posterior, septal
What are the 3 valve cusps in the right ventricle
anterior, posterior, septal
What is the function of the chordae tendinae
prevents cusps from prolapsing back into right atrium during ventricular systole
the __________ septum (separating ventricles) has membranous and muscular portions
interventricular
the septimarginal trabecula carries the right bundle branches of the ________ bundle of the conducting system to the anterior papillary muscle
, atrioventricular
the supraventricular crest separates the muscular wall from the smooth _______ _______ that leads to the pulmonary orifice
, conus arteriosus
Blood is ejected into the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary _____ and pulmonary ________ valve
orifice, semilunar
Each concaved semilunar cusp is separated from the pulmonary trunk by the ______ sinus
pulmonary
the pulmonary valve is open during ventricular _________ and closed during ventricular ________
systole, diastole
The _________ auricle is a small flap like extension that increases capacity and overlaps pulmonary trunk, contains pectinate muscle
left
The left atrium receives oxygen-________ blood from the left superior and inferior and right superior and inferior pulmonary veins that enters on posterior wall
rich
The left atrium is largely ________ walled and contains the floor of ____ ______, slightly thicker than the right atrium
smooth, fossa ovale
The left ventricle is the ________ chamber of the heart
thickest
left ventricle receives oxygen-_______ blood from the left atrium through the left ________ orifice that is guarded by mitral valve
rich, atrioventricular
The walls of the left ventricle contain muscular ridges called _____ ______ and papillary muscles that connect to the valve cusps, via chordae tendinae
trabeculae carnae
what are the papillary muscles in the left ventricle
anterior, posterior
In the left ventricle, the smooth aortic vestibule leads to the __________ orifice
aortic
In the left ventricle, the blood is ejected into the aorta through the ________ orifice and _______ semilunar valve
aortic, aortic
In the left ventricle, each semilunar cusp (posterior, right, left) is separated from the aorta by an _________ sinus
aortic
In the left ventricle the aortic valve is open during ventricular ______ and closed during ventricular ________-
systole, diastole
The opening of the right coronary artery is in the __________ sinus, the opening of the left coronary artery is in the ________ sinus (closed valve fills coronary arteries)
right aortic, left aortic
In the heart, the coronary arteries originate at the base of the _________ aorta
ascending
The left coronary artery is short and divides into the anterior ___________ artery that supplies the right and left ventricles and the anterior portion of the -_____________ septum, and the __________ artery that supplies the left artium and left ventricle, and the left ________ artery that supplies the left ventricle
interventricular, interventricular, circumflex, marginal
The right _______ artery supplies the right atrium and divides into the right _____ artery that supplies the right ventricle, and the posterior __________ artery that supplies the right and left _________ and the posterior portion of the interventricular spetum
marginal, interventricular, ventricles
The anterior _______ veins return oxygen-________ blood from the right ventricle directly into the right __________ (can anastomose with small cardiac vein)q
cardiac, poor, atrium
The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, left posterior ventricular vein, left marginal vein, and oblique vein drain into the __________ sinus which returns oxygen-_______ blood from the rest of the heart to the right __________
coronary, poor, atrium
What is atheroscelerosis?
plaque build up in an artery
what is cardiac bypass/?
utilizing a vein from somewhere else to attach to coronary artery then just past the occulsion point to bypass the blockage
T/F cardiac cells have their own intrinsic contraction rythm
T
the _________ node sets the heart rate by conducting impulses to the atrial myocardium and to the _______ node
sinoatrial, atrioventricular
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
in the wall of the right atrium adjacent to the superior vena cavaea
where is the atrioventricular node located?
inferior region of interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus
The atrioventricular node conducts impulses via the atrioventricular bundle, right and left bundle branches, and the _____ fibers to papillary muscles and ventricular _________
purkinje, myocardia
Where is the bundle of his located? what is it?
membranous portion of interventricular septum, the atrioventricular bundle
Where are the left and right bundle branches located?
muscular portion of the interventricular septum
The heart rate is set by the sinoatrial node but can be altered by the _________ fibers
autonomic
The cardiac plexus is formed by _________sympathetic fibers from cervical and superior thoracic (T1-T5) ganglia of the _______ trunk and parasympathetic fibers from _________ branches of the vagus
postganglionic, sympathetic, cardiac
_________ innervation increases heart rate and contraction strength by innervating the SA node, AV node, and myocardium
sympathetic
_________ innervation decreases heart rate by innervating SA node and AV node
parasympathetic
