Abdomen II (Stomach, esophagus) Flashcards
What are the four main layers of the gastrointestinal wall?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
What does the mucosa surround? what is it composed of?
surrounds the lumen
composed of mostly simple columnar epithelium, lamina propia, muscularis mucosae
What is the simple columnar epithelium in the mucosa responsible for?
digestive, absorptive, secretory processes
What is the lamina propria
connective tissue layer that contains lymphocyte nodules
What does the muscularis mucosae produce in the mucosa? What kind of motility pattern does it provide?
mixing motility pattern
What is the submucosa composed of?
dense layer of connective tissue, submucosal plexus
The submucosa is a dense layer of connective tissue containing __________, and _________
blood vessels
lymphatics
What is the submucosal plexus? what is it stimulated by?
part of enteric nervous system, stimulated by parasympathetic fibers
The submucosal plexus provides _________ innervation to mucosal exocrine and ________ glands
secretomotor
endocrine
What is the muscularis externa composed of?
inner circular layer and outer longitudinal muscular layer
What do the two layers of the muscularis externa produce? what is it regulated by?
peristalsis that propels food through tract, regulated by the myenteric plexus
What is the myenteric plexus
part of enteric nervous system that is influenced by ANS
What is the serosa (visceral peritoneum)?
loose connective tissue
What is the esophagus? where does it extend to?
muscular tube that begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage, descends posterior to trachea, exits thorax through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm and terminates at the esophagogastric junction
The esophageal musculature consists of the _______ _______ and ________ ________ muscle
internal circular, external longitudinal muscles
The superior one third of the esophagus is _________ muscle, while the inferior one third is _________ muscle, and the middle one third is _________
skeletal
smooth
mix
The distal esophagus is supplied by _________ branches of the ________ _________ artery and is drained by the _______ ________ vein
esophageal
left gastric
left gastric
The esophagus is innervated by _________ nerves (sympathetic) and ______ _______ (parasympathetic)
splanchnic
vagal trunks
The vagal trunks that innervate the esophagus are continuations of ________ nerves that emerge from the esophageal plexus, and pass through the _______ ________
vagus
esophageal hiatus
The stomach is composed of ______ regions and ___ curvatures
four, 2
WHat are the four regions of the stomach
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
Where is the cardia region of the stomach located
surrounding cardial orifice
The fundus contains a _____ notch
cardial
The body is the _____ ______ of the stomach
main portion
In the pylorus regions of the stomach, the ____ and ______ lead to the pyloric orifice
antrum and canal
What are the two stomach curvatures
lesser (shorter concave superior border), greater (longer convex, inferior border)
The _______ of the stomach allows for expansion for temporary food storage
rugae
The stomach processes food ________ and ________
mechanically and chemically
How does the stomach process food mechanically?
via muscular contractions of the muscularis externa causing churning
How does the stomach process food chemically
using hydrochloric acid and pepsin for protein breakdown
The celiac trunk supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach via the ____ _____ artery
left gastric
the celiac trunk supplies the greater curvature of the stomach via the _____ ______ artery anastomosing with the _____ __________ artery
left gastroomental
right gastroomental
Lymph from the stomach is drained through the ______, _______, and _______ lymph nodes into the ____ nodes
gastric, gastro-omental, pyloric
celiac
The stomach is innervated by the ______ ______ nerves (sympathetic by way of the ________ ganglion) and ______ trunks (parasympathetic)
greater splanchnic
celiac
vagal
The small intestine extends from the _______ to the ________ junction
pylorus, ileocecal
The small intestine is differentiated into the _______, _________, ________
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
