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Human Cadaver Anatomy > Thorax II > Flashcards

Thorax II Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic cavity is enclosed by the _________ wall and houses the ________ viscera

A

thoracic, thoracic

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2
Q

The thoracic cavity is subdivided into two _____ cavities that houses the ______ and a central _______ that contains the _______ cavity housing the ________ and _______ vessels

A

pleural, lungs, mediastinum, pericardial, heart, great

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3
Q

The thoracic cavity is partitioned from the ________ cavity by the ___________

A

abdominal, diaphragm

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4
Q

the pleural _______ house the pleural _____ housing the ________

A

cavities, sacs, lungs

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5
Q

the pleural sac is a continuous ______ membrane consisting of the _______ pleura and ________ pleura

A

serous, parietal, visceral

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6
Q

the parietal pleura lines the _______ cavity, the visceral pleura lines the surface of the _______

A

thoracic, lung

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7
Q

the parietal and visceral pleura are separated by the ________ cavity containing _______ fluid

A

pleural, pleural

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8
Q

___________ fascia is a thin _______ tissue layer between ________ pleura and _______ wall

A

endothoracic, connective, parietal, thoracic

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9
Q

What is the pleural sleeve?

A

the area where the parietal and visceral layers come together surrounding the root of the lung

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10
Q

what is the root of the lung?

A

main bronchus, pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchial arteries and veins, lymphatic vessels and nerves

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11
Q

the ________ ligament is a continuation of the pleural sleeve that extends inferiorly

A

pulmonary

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12
Q

what is the hilum of the lung?

A

the large depressed area located near the center of the medial surface where structures forming the root enter and exit the lung

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13
Q

the apex of the lung and cervical pleura extend into the ______ of the neck

A

root

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14
Q

where does the base of the lungs rest?

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

WHat are the two pleural recesses

A

costodiaphragmatic and costomedial

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16
Q

what is the function of the pleural recesses?

A

potential spaces that the lung can expand into during inspiration

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17
Q

what are the lobes of the right lung?

A

superior, middle, inferior

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18
Q

How are the lobes of the right lung divided?

A

by the horizontal and oblique fissures

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19
Q

what are the lobes of the left lung?

A

superior and inferior

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20
Q

how are the lobes of the left lung divided

A

oblique fissure

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21
Q

The _________ notch of the _________ lobe of the left lung accommodates the heart

A

cardiac, left

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22
Q

The trachea enters the thoracic cavity via the __________ thoracic aperature from the neck

A

superior

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23
Q

The trachea bifurcates at the _________ (level of the sternal angle) into _______bronchi, forming the ________ tree

A

Carina,primary, bronchial

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24
Q

The trachea divides into ______ bronchi upon entering through the hila

A

secondary

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25
Q

the left primary bronchi is ________ and more horizontal and passes ________ to the aortic arch

A

longer, inferior

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

how many secondary bronchi are there? What are there functions?

A

5, 3 on right, 2 on left, supply the individual lobes of the lung

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28
Q

The bronchi will continue to divide, until reaching the _________ bronchioles

A

terminal

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29
Q

what do terminal bronchioles give rise too?

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

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30
Q

each lung lobe is divided into individual _______________ segments that are each supplied by specific _______ bronchi, why is this clinically relevant

A

bronchiopulmonary, tertiary, limits spread of infection

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31
Q

The left and right _______ arteries arise from the pulmonary trunk at the level of the ______ angle and carry oxygen-________ blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary, sternal, poor

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32
Q

pulmonary arteries pass through the _________ and branch into _____ and _______ arteries

A

hila, lobar, segmental

33
Q

Paired left and right pulmonary veins return oxygen ______ blood to the heart via _______ and _____ veins

A

rich, lobar, segmental

34
Q

left superior pulmonary vein drains the _______ _______ lobe, left inferior pulmonary vein drains the ______ ______ lobe, right superior pulmonary vein drains _____ ______ and _____ lobes, and the right inferior pulmonary vein drains the _____ _______ lobe

A

left superior, left inferior, right superior and middle, right inferior

35
Q

___________ arteries supply the supporting tissues of the lungs and visceral pleura

A

bronchial

36
Q

Bronchial veins only drains blood near root of lung via the _________ and __________ veins, what is the rest drained by?

A

hemiazygous and azygous. Rest is drained via the pulmonary veins

37
Q

all lymph from the lung leaves around the _______ of the lung, and drains into the ___________ or ___________ tracheobronchial lymph nodes which then form the right and left ___________ trunks that drain into the __________ duct and _______ _________

A

root, inferior or superior, bronchomediastinal trunks, thoracic, right lymphatic

38
Q

The pulmonary plexus is a web of preganglionic ________ and postganglionic __________ fibers

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

39
Q

respiratory structures recieve _____ innervation

A

autonomic

40
Q

parasympathetic stimulation causes _______ muscle bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction

A

smooth

41
Q

sympathetic stimulation causes ________ muscle bronchodilation and vasodilation

A

smooth

42
Q

The superior mediastinum spans from the ________ thoracic aperture to the ________ thoracic plane between T4-T5

A

superior, transverse

43
Q

The mediastinum is the _______ compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two ________ sacs, and surrounded by _______ connective tissue

A

central, pleural, loose

44
Q

The mediastinum acts as a ______ for structures traversing the thorax on their way to the abdomen

A

conduit

45
Q

What are some structures contained within the mediastinum

A

heart and great vessels, phrenic and vagus nerves, trachea and esophagus, thymus, thoracic duct, lymph nodes

46
Q

The inferior mediastinum spans from the _________ plane to the __________ and is subdivided into __ regions

A

thoracic, diaphragm, 3

47
Q

the anterior inferior mediastinum is in front of the ________, the middle inferior mediastinum contains the ___________ and the posterior inferior mediastinum is behind the __________

A

pericardium, pericardium, pericardium

48
Q

The superior mediastinum includes what structures?

A

thymus gland, branchiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, arch of the azygous, aortic arch and branches, vagus nerves, phrenic nerves, trachea, esophagus, and thoracic duct

49
Q

What does the anterior mediastinum include?

A

thymus, internal thoracic vessels, lymph nodes, sternopericardial ligaments, adipose tissue

50
Q

what does the middle mediastinum include?

A

pericardium, heart, roots of great vessels, carina and phrenic nerves

51
Q

what does the posterior mediastinum include?

A

esophagus, azygous venous system, descending aorta, thoracic duct, vagus nerves, thoracic splanchnic nerves

52
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

a double walled sac containing the heart and roots of the great vessels

53
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium, what are they seperated by?

A

fibrous and serous, separated by the serous fluid filled pericardial cavity

54
Q

The heart is suspended by ________ pericardium fusing with tunica adventitia of the ________ vessels, central tendon of the ___________ and sternopericardial _________

A

fibrous, great, diaphragm, ligaments

55
Q

the pericardial sac and therefore the heart, lies approximately _____ to the right of the midsternal line and ____ to the left

A

1/3, 2/3

56
Q

aorta and pulmonary trunk exit the heart, space behind vessels is the ___________ pericardial sinus

A

transverse

57
Q

superior and inferior ______ _____ and pulmonary veins enter the heart, space between the vessels and behind heart is is the _________ pericardial sinus

A

vena cavae, oblique

58
Q

what does the transverse pericardial sinus allow for during cardiac surgery

A

allows clamping the aorta and pulmonary trunk to divert blood to cardiopulmonary bypass machine

59
Q

The pericardium is supplied mainly from ______________ arteries (branches of internal thoracic arteries

A

pericardiacophrenic

60
Q

pericardium drained venously mainly from ________________veins (anastamose with brachiocephalic veins)

A

pericardiacophrenic

61
Q

pericardium is innervated by branches of _______ nerves, vagus nerves, and sympathetic trunks

A

phrenic

62
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

left and right atria, left and right ventricles

63
Q

What are the four valves of the heart

A

bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar

64
Q

The heart consists of four chambers, four valves, _________ arteries and veins, and the _________ system

A

coronary, conduction

65
Q

The right side of the heart receives oxygen poor blood via the superior and inferior ____________ and pumps blood into the lungs via the _________ trunk and arteries

A

vena cavaea, pulmonary

66
Q

the left side of the heart recieves oxygen rich blood from the lungs via __________ veins and pumps blood to the body tissues via the _________

A

pulmonary, aorta

67
Q

The heart wall consists of the ________ (external layer formed by visceral pericardium), _______ (thick middle layer composed of cardiac muscle), and ____________ (thin internal endothelial layer that also covers the heart valves

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

68
Q

The heart is situated _______ and consists of an apex, base, four ________ and four _________

A

obliquely, borders, surfaces

69
Q

the ________ is formed by inferolateral portion of the left ventricle

A

apex

70
Q

the ________ is formed mostly by the left atrium and a small portion of the right atrium

A

base

71
Q

the ____________ surface is formed by the right ventricle

A

anterior

72
Q

the ________ surface is formed by the left ventricle and a small portion of the right ventricle

A

inferior

73
Q

the ________ ________ surface is formed by the left ventricle and produces the cardiac impression of left lung

A

left pulmonary

74
Q

the ______ ________ surface is formed by the right atrium

A

right pulmonary

75
Q

The _______ border is formed by the right atrium (between superior and inferior vena cava)

A

right

76
Q

the __________ border formed by right ventricle and small portion of left ventricle

A

inferior

77
Q

the ______ border is formed by the left ventricle and a small portion of the left auricle

A

left

78
Q

the ___________ border is formed by the left and right atria and auricles inferiorly, and the roots of the great vessels superiorly

A

superior

79
Q
A

Human Cadaver Anatomy (39 decks)

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