Abdomen II (liver, kidneys, posterior abdominal wall)

Question 1

What are the 6 main functions of the liver?

Answer 1

metabolism and storage of biomolecules
detoxification
cholesterol synthesis and iron metabolism
production of bile
removal of aged ethyrocytes
synthesis of plasma proteins

Question 2

what are the four lobes of the liver?

Answer 2

right, left, quadrate, caudate

Question 3

the _______ ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and separates the right and left lobes

Answer 3

falciform

Question 4

T/F the liver position changes with respiration

Answer 4

T

Question 5

The liver is surrounded by a ______ capsule, and has a _____ diaphragmatic surfacr

Answer 5

fibrous, smooth

Question 6

The visceral surface of the liver contains the _______ and _______ fossa

Answer 6

caval, gallbladder

Question 7

the ligamentum ________ and ligamentum ________(round ligament) further divide the visceral surface

Answer 7

venosum, teres

Question 8

The caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver are separated by the ____________

Answer 8

porta hepatis

Question 9

Why is the porta hepatis important?

Answer 9

location of the portal triad where the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct enter or exit the liver

Question 10

The liver is supplied by the left and right ________ arteries from the proper __________ artery of the ________ trunk

Answer 10

hepatic, hepatic, celiac

Question 11

the liver receives nutrient-_______ blood from the _______ _______ vein for processing

Answer 11

rich, hepatic portal

Question 12

________ blood is transported from the liver to the ____ _____ _____ via multiple _______ veins

Answer 12

filtered, inferior vena cava, hepatic

Question 13

The liver is innervated by the _________ (sympathetic) and ____________ (parasympathetic)

Answer 13

celiac plexus
vagal trunks

Question 14

The _______ tree carries bile produced by ________ in the liver to the gall bladder for storage, then eventually to the ________

Answer 14

biliary
hepatocytes
duodenum

Question 15

what ducts form the common bile duct?

Answer 15

left and right hepatic, common hepatic, and cystic ducts

Question 16

The gall bladder is held in the gallbladder _________ on the visceral surface of the ______ lobe of the liver, attached to the ________ capsule

Answer 16

fossa, right, fibrous

Question 17

What are the three parts of the gall bladder?

Answer 17

fundus, body, neck

Question 18

The gallbladder is supplied by the ______ artery from the ______ ______ artery

Answer 18

cystic, right hepatic

Question 19

The gall bladder is drained by numerous ______ veins, and innervated by the __________ plexus (sympathetic, and ________ _______ (parasympathetic)

Answer 19

cystic, celiac, vagal trunks

Question 20

The kidneys are ______peritoneal, and the right kidney is positioned more _________ than the left, due to the liver

Answer 20

retro, inferiorly

Question 21

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 21

remove nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism
maintain water and salt balance

Question 22

The _______ transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 22

ureters

Question 23

What is the function of the adrenal glands

Answer 23

secrete horomones

Question 24

the ___________ and _______ fascia surrounds the kidney and suprarenal glands

Answer 24

perinephric fat, renal

Question 25

renal vasculature enters and exits through the __________

Answer 25

renal hilum

Question 26

the renal hilum is surrounded by a fat filled __________

Answer 26

renal sinus

Question 27

the _________ is the inner layer of the kidneys consisting of multiple renal pyramids separated by renal columns

Answer 27

renal medulla

Question 28

the major calyces connect with the ___________

Answer 28

renal pelvis

Question 29

What are the two regions of the adrenal gland, what are there functions?

Answer 29

adrenal cortex - secretes corticosteroids
adrenal medulla - secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (sympathetic response)

Question 30

The kidneys are supplied by ________ arteries from the abdominal aorta that branch into five ________ arteries which transport ______ blood

Answer 30

renal, segmental, unfiltered

Question 31

the kidney is drained by ________ veins that empty ________ blood into the ____________

Answer 31

renal, filtered, inferior vena cava

Question 32

Arteries to the ureters are most often branches of the _______ arteries

Answer 32

renal

Question 33

the suprarenal glands are drained by the ______ _______ vein into the _______________ and by the ____ ______ vein into the _______ vein and inferior vena cava

Answer 33

right suprarenal, inferior vena cava, left suprarenal vein, left renal

Question 34

The suprarenal glands are supplied by superior, middle, and inferior __________ arteries

Answer 34

suprarenal

Question 35

the superior supra renal arteries are from the ______ _________ arteries, the middle suprarenal arteries are from the _______ ________, the inferior suprarenal arteries are from the ______ arteries

Answer 35

inferior phrenic, abdominal aorta, renal arteries

Question 36

The kidneys are innervated by the ____ ______ plexus produced by the _________ nerve (sympathetic) and ________ _______ (parasympathetic)

Answer 36

renal nerve, least splanchnic, vagal trunks

Question 37

explain the suprarenal gland innervation?

Answer 37

preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the celiac plexus (continuation of the greater splanchnic nerve that synapse with chromaffin cells

Question 38

What structures are included in the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 38

structures posterior to the parietal peritoneum
e.x. kidneys, ureters, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava,

Question 39

The _________________ is an extensive connective tissue complex with anterior, middle, and posterior layers enveloping muscles

Answer 39

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 40

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 40

iliopsoas muscle (psoas major,minor and iliacus)
quadratus lumborum

Question 41

what muscles form the iliopsoas muscle

Answer 41

psoas major
psoas minor
iliacus

Question 42

what is the function of the iliacus muscle

Answer 42

flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint

Question 43

what is the function of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 43

extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column