Abdomen II (liver, kidneys, posterior abdominal wall) Flashcards
What are the 6 main functions of the liver?
metabolism and storage of biomolecules
detoxification
cholesterol synthesis and iron metabolism
production of bile
removal of aged ethyrocytes
synthesis of plasma proteins
what are the four lobes of the liver?
right, left, quadrate, caudate
the _______ ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and separates the right and left lobes
falciform
T/F the liver position changes with respiration
T
The liver is surrounded by a ______ capsule, and has a _____ diaphragmatic surfacr
fibrous, smooth
The visceral surface of the liver contains the _______ and _______ fossa
caval, gallbladder
the ligamentum ________ and ligamentum ________(round ligament) further divide the visceral surface
venosum, teres
The caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver are separated by the ____________
porta hepatis
Why is the porta hepatis important?
location of the portal triad where the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct enter or exit the liver
The liver is supplied by the left and right ________ arteries from the proper __________ artery of the ________ trunk
hepatic, hepatic, celiac
the liver receives nutrient-_______ blood from the _______ _______ vein for processing
rich, hepatic portal
________ blood is transported from the liver to the ____ _____ _____ via multiple _______ veins
filtered, inferior vena cava, hepatic
The liver is innervated by the _________ (sympathetic) and ____________ (parasympathetic)
celiac plexus
vagal trunks
The _______ tree carries bile produced by ________ in the liver to the gall bladder for storage, then eventually to the ________
biliary
hepatocytes
duodenum
what ducts form the common bile duct?
left and right hepatic, common hepatic, and cystic ducts
The gall bladder is held in the gallbladder _________ on the visceral surface of the ______ lobe of the liver, attached to the ________ capsule
fossa, right, fibrous
What are the three parts of the gall bladder?
fundus, body, neck
The gallbladder is supplied by the ______ artery from the ______ ______ artery
cystic, right hepatic
The gall bladder is drained by numerous ______ veins, and innervated by the __________ plexus (sympathetic, and ________ _______ (parasympathetic)
cystic, celiac, vagal trunks
The kidneys are ______peritoneal, and the right kidney is positioned more _________ than the left, due to the liver
retro, inferiorly
What is the function of the kidneys?
remove nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism
maintain water and salt balance
The _______ transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
What is the function of the adrenal glands
secrete horomones
the ___________ and _______ fascia surrounds the kidney and suprarenal glands
perinephric fat, renal
renal vasculature enters and exits through the __________
renal hilum
the renal hilum is surrounded by a fat filled __________
renal sinus
the _________ is the inner layer of the kidneys consisting of multiple renal pyramids separated by renal columns
renal medulla
the major calyces connect with the ___________
renal pelvis
What are the two regions of the adrenal gland, what are there functions?
adrenal cortex - secretes corticosteroids
adrenal medulla - secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (sympathetic response)
The kidneys are supplied by ________ arteries from the abdominal aorta that branch into five ________ arteries which transport ______ blood
renal, segmental, unfiltered
the kidney is drained by ________ veins that empty ________ blood into the ____________
renal, filtered, inferior vena cava
Arteries to the ureters are most often branches of the _______ arteries
renal
the suprarenal glands are drained by the ______ _______ vein into the _______________ and by the ____ ______ vein into the _______ vein and inferior vena cava
right suprarenal, inferior vena cava, left suprarenal vein, left renal
The suprarenal glands are supplied by superior, middle, and inferior __________ arteries
suprarenal
the superior supra renal arteries are from the ______ _________ arteries, the middle suprarenal arteries are from the _______ ________, the inferior suprarenal arteries are from the ______ arteries
inferior phrenic, abdominal aorta, renal arteries
The kidneys are innervated by the ____ ______ plexus produced by the _________ nerve (sympathetic) and ________ _______ (parasympathetic)
renal nerve, least splanchnic, vagal trunks
explain the suprarenal gland innervation?
preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the celiac plexus (continuation of the greater splanchnic nerve that synapse with chromaffin cells
What structures are included in the posterior abdominal wall
structures posterior to the parietal peritoneum
e.x. kidneys, ureters, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava,
The _________________ is an extensive connective tissue complex with anterior, middle, and posterior layers enveloping muscles
thoracolumbar fascia
What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
iliopsoas muscle (psoas major,minor and iliacus)
quadratus lumborum
what muscles form the iliopsoas muscle
psoas major
psoas minor
iliacus
what is the function of the iliacus muscle
flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint
what is the function of the quadratus lumborum
extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column
