Lower Limb 1 (part 2)

Question 1

What is the iliotibial (IT) band?

Answer 1

lateral thickening of the tensor fascia which runs from ilium to the tibia

Question 2

what is the function of the fascial intermuscular septa

Answer 2

project internally to attach to the bone and create rigid compartments of the leg and thigh

Question 3

what are the rigid compartments of the thigh?

Answer 3

anterior, medial, posterior

Question 4

what are the rigid compartments of the leg?

Answer 4

anterior, lateral, deep posterior, superficial posterior

Question 5

what are the anterior thigh muscles?

Answer 5

iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus, quadriceps femoris

Question 6

what muscles from the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 6

rectus femoris, vastus (intermedius, medialis, lateralis)

Question 7

what are the medial thigh muscles?

Answer 7

adductors (longus, magnus, brevis), gracilis, obturator externus

Question 8

what forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 8

iliopsoas, pectineus

Question 9

what forms the roof of the femoral triangle?

Answer 9

fascia lata

Question 10

what forms the lateral, medial, and superior boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 10

sartorius (lateral), adductor longus (medial), inguinal ligament (superior)

Question 11

from lateral to medial, describe the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 11

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymphatics

Question 12

what is the femoral sheath? what does it contain?

Answer 12

funnel-like fascial covering, contains femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatics

Question 13

what is the adductor canal?

Answer 13

intermuscular passageway for the femoral artery and vein as they travel towards the adductor hiatus

Question 14

what do the femoral artery and vein become after passing through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 14

popliteal artery and vein

Question 15

what are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

Answer 15

adductor longus and magnus (posteromedial), sartorius (anterior), vastus medialis (lateral)

Question 16

what are the gluteal regional muscles?

Answer 16

gluteus muscles, tensor fascia latae, piriformis, obturator muscles, gemellus muscles, quadratus femoris muscles

Question 17

what are gluteal bursae?

Answer 17

flattened membranous sacs containing a capillary layer that produces synovial fluid

Question 18

what is the fucntion of gluteal bursae

Answer 18

separates gluteal regional muscles from adjacent structures to reduce friction

Question 19

what are the posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 19

biceps femoirs, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 20

what are the anterior and lateral leg muscles?

Answer 20

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

Question 21

what are the extensor retinacula (superior and inferior)

Answer 21

thickenings of the crural fascia that bind down the extensor tendons

Question 22

what are the fibular retinacula (superior and inferior)

Answer 22

thickenings of the crural fascia that bind down the fibularis tendons as they pass posterior to the lateral malleolus

Question 23

what are the superficial posterior leg muscles?

Answer 23

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Question 24

what comprises the triceps surae

Answer 24

gastrocnemius, soleus

Question 25

what are the deep posterior leg muscles?

Answer 25

popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 26

what does the popliteal fossa contain?

Answer 26

popliteal artery and vein, tibial and common fibular nerves, lymphatic vessels, fat

Question 27

what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 27

biceps femoris and semitendinosus (superiorly)
medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius (inferiorly)
popliteus and posterior knee joint capsule (floor)
skin and deep fascia (roof)

Question 28

what is the tarsal tunnel

Answer 28

a passage found posterior to the medial malleolus

Question 29

what forms the roof and floor of the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 29

flexor retinaculum (roof)
calcaneus (floor)

Question 30

in order, what does the tarsal tunnel contain?

Answer 30

tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 31

what comprises layer 1 of the sole?

Answer 31

flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi

Question 32

what comprises layer 2 of the sole?

Answer 32

flexor accessorius

Question 33

what innervates layer 1 of the sole

Answer 33

tibial nerve

Question 34

what innervates layer 2 of the sole?

Answer 34

tibial nerve

Question 35

what comprises layer 3 of the sole

Answer 35

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 36

what nerve innervates layer 3 of the sole

Answer 36

tibial nerve

Question 37

what comprises layer 4 of the sole?

Answer 37

palmar interossei, dorsal interossei

Question 38

what innervates the dorsum foot muscles

Answer 38

deep fibular nerve

Question 39

hat nerve innervates layer 4 of the sole?

Answer 39

tibial nerve

Question 40

what are the dorsum foot muscles?

Answer 40

extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis

Question 41

what nerves innervate the foot?

Answer 41

tibial nerve, deep fibular nerve