Mediastinum Flashcards
What are the structures superior mediastinum?
Thymus, brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, arch azygous vein, arch of aorta and branches
The _________ gland is replaced by adipose tissue following puberty
thymus
The union of the right and left internal _________ and _______veins that drains upper limbs and head and neck, right ________ angle receives lymph from right lymphatic duct, left venous angle receives lymph from _______ duct
jugular, subclavian, venous, thoracic
The union of the right and left _________ veins returns oxygen _______ blood to right atrium from all structures superior to _______ except for heart and lungs
Branchiocephalic, poor, diaphragm
The arch of the azygous vein provide collateral blood flow from the lower half of the body to the superior ______ _____ (bypassing inferior vena cava)
vena cava
the _________ trunk, left common _______ artery, and left _________ artery, supplies head and neck and __________ limbs
brachiocephalic, carotid, subclavian, upper
ligamentum __________ attaches aorta to the left _________ artery, the left recurrent ________ nerve passes lateral to the ligamentum arteriosum and ascends towards the _______ between the trachea and esophagus
arteriosum, pulmonary, laryngeal, larynx
The aortic arch ascends at the level of the ______ angle anterior to the right _______ artery and ______ of the trachea, then passes superoposteriorly and to the left of the ________ and esophagus and arches over left main _______ and left pulmonary artery and reaches the left side of the T4 vertebral body (to become the descending aorta)
sternal, pulmonary, bifurcation, trachea, bronchus
The _______ nerves pass posterior to branchiocephalic veins and root of the lungs (parasympathetic)
vagus
the left recurrent ________ nerve of vagus loops under the arch of the aorta lateral to the ligamentum arteriosum and ascends towards the larynx between the trachea and ___________
laryngeal, esophagus
________ nerves contribute to the __________ and esophageal plexuses
vagus, pulmonary
________ nerves pass anterior to root of lungs (innervate diaphragm)
phrenic
the _______ extends into thorax from neck via the _______ ________ aperture anterior to the esophagus, consists of incomplete cartilaginous rings, ends at level of sternal angle where it bifurcates into main bronchi
trachea, superior thoracic
the ________ extends into thorax from neck via superior thoracic aperture anterior to T1-4 vertebrae
esophagus
The _____ duct is a lymphatic duct between the esophagus and left _______ nerve, drains lymph at left venous angle
thoracic, vagus
In the posterior mediastinum, the _______ passes posterior to the pericardium and antrior to the descending aorta, passes into the abdomen via the esophageal hiatus of the ______
esophagus, diapraghm
The esophageal plexus consists of ________ axons of the vagus nerves that innervate smooth muscle of the inferior esophageal wall and inferior esophageal sphincter
preganglionic
the thoracic aorta is a continuation of the arch of the aorta, descends on the left side of T5-12 and lies posterior to the root of the left lung, pericardium, and esophagus, passes into the abdomen via the aortic _______ of the diaphragm, and is surrounded by the thoracic aortic __________
hiatus, plexus
what are the branches of the thoracic aorta
bronchial arteries, mediastinal arteries, esophageal arteries, pericardial arteries, posterior intercostal arteries, superior phrenic arteries, and subcostal arteries
what do the bronchial arteries supply?
trachea, bromchi, lung tissue, lymoh nodes
what do the mediastinal arteries supply?
the lymph nodes of the posterior mediastinum
what do the esophageal arteries supply?
unpaired, supply esophagus
what do the pericardial arteries supply?
unpaired, supplies pericardium
what fo the posterior intercostal arteries anastomose with? where do they pass through?
pass into 3rd-11th intercostal spaces, anastomose with anterior intercostal arteries from the internal thoracic arteries
What do the superior phrenic arteries supply? what do they anastamose with
supply superior surface of the diaphragm, anastamose with the musculophrenic arteries of the internal thoracic arteries
What do the subcostal arteries supply?
abdominal muscles
Where does the thoracic duct begin in the abdomen, where does it pass through?
cisterna chyli, passes through aortic hiatus
The thoracic duct ascends on T__-___ vertebral bodies into the superior ______
T5-12, mediastinum
Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph from?
lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, left side of thorax, left side of head and neck, and left upper limb
The hemi azygous and accessory azygous drain into _________ vein
azygous
The left superior _____ vein receives superior left posterior ________ veins and drain into left branchiocephalic vein
intercostal, intercostal
the azygous vein drains into superior _______ _______ but also communicates with inferior _____ _________
azygous, vena cava, vena cava
The azygous vein receives right _____ intercostal veins and drains the right posterior _____ wall
posterior, thoracic
the hemi-azygous vein recieves inferior left posterior ______, _______, and _______ veins
intercostal, mediastinal, esophageal
the accessory hemi-azygous vein receives left middle posterior _______ veins and drains left posterior _________ wall
interocstal, thoracic
What are the thoracic splanchnic nerved?
preganglionic sympathetic nerves that arise from the lateral horn of the spinal cord, pierce the diaphragm, and synapse with postganglionic nerves located in ganglia within the abdominal cavity
the thoracic splanchnic nerves innervate the
abdominal viscera and vasculature
The thoracic splanchnic nerve includes the greater splanchnic nerve T_-T_, lesser splanchnic nerve T_-T_, least splanchnic nerve T_
6-9, 10-11, 12
What are the adjacent structures to the mediastinum that are not considered part of the mediastinum?
inferior vena cava, thoracic sympathetic trunk
Where does the thoracic sympathetic trunk lie?
thoracic vertebral bodies
Where does the inferior vena cava enter? what does it drain?
enters thorax through vena caval foramen of diaphragm, drains abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremeties
