Abdomen I

Question 1

What is the superior border of the abdomen?

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

what is the inferior border of the abdomen?

Answer 2

the pelvic inleT

Question 3

the abdominal cavity is continuous with the pelvic cavity to form the __________ cavity

Answer 3

abdominopelvic cavity

Question 4

The abdominal cavity is lined with the _______, what are the two layers?

Answer 4

peritoneum, visceral and parietal

Question 5

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 5

a serous membrane consisting of parietal and visceral layers separated by fluid filled peritoneal cavity

Question 6

The abdominal cavity contains _________, _______, and ________ viscera

Answer 6

gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine

Question 7

Where does the anterolateral abdominal wall extend from?

Answer 7

thoracic cage to pelvis and inguinal ligaments

Question 8

What 6 things does the anterolateral abdominal wall consist of?

Answer 8

skin
fatty subcutaneous layer
muscle with investing fascia
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fat
parietal peritoneum

Question 9

From superficial to deep what are the layers (12) of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 9

skin
subcutaneous fatty layer
deep membranous layer (only if inferior to umbilicus)
superficial investing fascia
external oblique
intermediate investing fascia
internal oblique
deep investing fascia
transversus abdominus
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fat
parietal peritoneum

Question 10

What are the three lateral flat muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 10

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus

Question 11

the fibers of the external oblique muscles pass __________

Answer 11

inferomedially

Question 12

the fibers of the internal oblique muscles pass ______

Answer 12

superomedially

Question 13

the fibers of the transversus abdominus pass ________

Answer 13

horizontally

Question 14

The internal and external obliques and transversus abdominus form a strong aponeurosis __________

Answer 14

anteriorly

Question 15

The aponeurosis forms the ________ sheath that encloses the rectus abdominus and interweaves the midline as the linea alba

Answer 15

rectus

Question 16

where does the linea alba extend from?

Answer 16

xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

Question 17

the rectus abdominus fibers run between _________ intersections

Answer 17

tendinous

Question 18

What are the pyramidalis muscles? They are absent in ______ of people

Answer 18

small muscles within the rectus sheath anterior to inferior portion of rectus abdominus, 20%

Question 19

Above the umbilicus, the rectus abdominus is enveloped by _____ _______ fascia

Answer 19

internal oblique

Question 20

Below the umbilicus all three fascia of muscles are _________ to the rectus abdominus

Answer 20

anterior

Question 21

The _________ line demarcates the transition between the _______ rectus sheath covering the ________ three quarters of the rectus abdominus and the transversalis fascia covering the _______ quarter

Answer 21

arcuate
posterior
superior
inferior

Question 22

What nerves innervate the external oblique

Answer 22

thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-11 spinal nerves) and subcostal nerve

Question 23

What nerves innervate the internal oblique and transversus abdominus

Answer 23

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-12 spinal nerves) and first lumbar nerve

Question 24

what nerves innervate the rectus abdominus

Answer 24

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-12 spinal nerves)

Question 25

What is the main function of the internal and external obliques?

Answer 25

compresses and supports abdominal viscera
flexes and rotates trunk

Question 26

what is the main function of the transversus abdominis

Answer 26

compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Question 27

what is the main function of the rectus abdominus

Answer 27

flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae)
compresses abdominal viscera
stabilizes and controls the tilt of the pelvis (antilordosis)