Pelvis and Perineum (Exam 3 part 1)

Question 1

what is the function of the pelvic diaphragm? what interrupts it?

Answer 1

serves as the floor of the pelvic cavity, interrupted by urogential hiatus

Question 2

what is the pelvic diaphragm comprised of?

Answer 2

levator ani and coccygeus muscles

Question 3

the __________ forms a sling around the anus at the anorectal junction. Function?

Answer 3

puborectalis, keeps waste in

Question 4

what forms the lateral pelvic wall?

Answer 4

obuerator internus, and obturator membrane

Question 5

what forms the posterior pelvic wall

Answer 5

piriformis, sacral plexus

Question 6

what does the endopelvic fascia consist of?

Answer 6

parietal and visceral fascia layers

Question 7

what does the parietal endopelvic fascia cover?

Answer 7

surface of sacrum, coccyx, pelvic wall and floor muscles

Question 8

what does the visceral endopelvic fascia suspend? function?

Answer 8

viscera of the pelvis, support

Question 9

what does the uterosacral ligament connect?

Answer 9

uterus and sacrum

Question 10

what does the cardinal ligament connect?

Answer 10

cervix to fascia of the piriformis

Question 11

where is the retrovesicle pouch located?

Answer 11

space between bladder and rectum, males

Question 12

where is the vesico-uterine pouch located?

Answer 12

females, space between bladder and uterus

Question 13

where is the rectouterine pouch located?

Answer 13

space between rectum and uterus, females

Question 14

why do females not have a rectovesicle pouch?

Answer 14

because the uterus is in between the bladder and rectum

Question 15

what are the peritoneal recesses?

Answer 15

rectovesical pouch, vesicouterine pouch, rectouterine pouch

Question 16

what are the various subperitoneal recesses

Answer 16

retropubic space, retrorectal space, rectovesical septum, rectovaginal septum

Question 17

where is the retropubic space located?

Answer 17

space between pubic symphysis and bladder

Question 18

where is the retrorectal space located?

Answer 18

space between rectum and sacrum

Question 19

where is the rectovesical septum located?

Answer 19

septum between bladder and rectum in males

Question 20

where is the rectovaginal septum located?

Answer 20

septum between rectum and vagina in females

Question 21

what supplies the pelvic and perineal structures?

Answer 21

internal iliac arteries

Question 22

generally, what do the anterior divisions of the internal iliac arteries supply?

Answer 22

viscera of the pelvis

Question 23

generally, what do the posterior divisions of the internal iliac arteries supply?

Answer 23

muscles, gluteal and pelvic wall structures

Question 24

generally what is the venous drainage of the pelvis and perineum?

Answer 24

series of venous plexuses surrounding the pelvis viscera which drain into the internal iliac veins

Question 25

describe the venous drainage of the gonads?

Answer 25

right gonads drained by gonadal veins into the inferior vena cava directly
left gonads drained into the left renal vein, then into the inferior vena cava

Question 26

describe the somatic innervation of the pelvis and perineum

Answer 26

pudendal nerve, nerves to the levator ani and coccygeus

Question 27

What is the pudendal nerve? what kind of innervation?

Answer 27

anterior rami of S2-4, voluntary motor for external anal and urethral sphincters, sensory of genitalia

Question 28

what are the nerves to the levator ani and coccygeus? what kind of innervation?

Answer 28

anterior rami of S3-4, motor for pelvic diaphragm

Question 29

what is the sacral plexus comprised of?

Answer 29

anterior rami of S1-4, and contributions from lumbar spinal nerves via the lumbosacral trunk

Question 30

what pelvic structures are somatically innervated? plexus?

Answer 30

skeletal muscle and skin of the pelvic diaphragm, pelvic wall, and perineum
sacral plexus

Question 31

what pelvic structures are autonomically innervated?

Answer 31

smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera and perineal vasculature

Question 32

what forms the inferior hypogastric plexus

Answer 32

preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Question 33

sympathetic ___________ fibers from _______ splanchnic nerves form the _______ ____________ plexus and continue as right and left ___________ nerves to synapse with ________ fibers associated with ganglia within the __________ __________ plexus

Answer 33

preganglionic, lumbar, superior hypogastric, hypogastric, postganglionic, inferior hypogastric

Question 34

postganglionic sympathetic fibers travel along __________ to pelvic and perineal viscera

Answer 34

arteries

Question 35

what is the result of parasympathetic autonomic innervation of pelvic and perineal structures

Answer 35

opens sphincters, bladder emptying, erection, sexual excitation, and mediate sensation from pelvic viscera

Question 36

what will innervate the levator ani muscles

Answer 36

nerve to levator ani and coccygeus

Question 37

what will produce ejacuation

Answer 37

lumbar splanchnic nerves from superior hypogastric plexus form left and right hypogastric nerves then synapse in inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 38

what does the pelvis viscera include

Answer 38

portions of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems that are contained within the lesser pelvis

Question 39

where does the transition from the sigmoid colon to the rectum occur?

Answer 39

rectosigmoidal junction

Question 40

the rectum lacks ______ ____________ and _______ ________ but possesses three ________ _________ folds

Answer 40

teniae coli, omental appendices, transverse rectal

Question 41

how is continence of the rectum maintained?

Answer 41

constant contraction of the puborectalis muscles surrounding the anorectal flexure

Question 41

where does the rectum become the anal canal

Answer 41

terminal part bends sharply posterior at the anorectal flexure

Question 42

what supplies the rectum? drains it?

Answer 42

the superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries
superior, middle, inferior rectal veins into the HPS and caval system

Question 43

what are ureters? function?

Answer 43

mostly retroperitoneal muscular tubes connecting kidneys and urinary bladder, peristaltic contraction transports urine

Question 44

how do the ureters pierce the lateral aspect of the bladder wall?

Answer 44

in an oblique inferomedial angle

Question 45

what is the function of the ureters piercing the bladder at an oblique inferomedial angle

Answer 45

creates a one way valve filling of bladder collapses the passage through the wall preventing back flow of urine

Question 46

what is the autonomic innervation of the ureters?

Answer 46

via renal, aortic, superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses

Question 47

what are the 4 parts of the bladder?

Answer 47

apex, fundus, body, neck

Question 48

what forms the trigone?

Answer 48

ureters and internal urethral orifices

Question 49

what muscle forms the bladder wall?

Answer 49

detrusor muscle

Question 50

what ligament supports the bladder?

Answer 50

median umbilical ligament

Question 51

what supplied the bladder? drains it?? (blood!!)

Answer 51

superior and inferior vesical arteries of the internal iliac arteries
drained by superior and inferior vesical veins into the internal iliac veins