Abdomen I ( Inguinal region and peritoneum) Flashcards
Where does the inguinal region lie?
along the inferior border of the anterolateral abdominal wall between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
What is the function of the inguinal cana?
passageway for testes/spermatic cord in males and round ligament of uterus in females
The deep inguinal ring is produced by ___________ of transversalis fascia
invagination
the superficial inguinal ring is produced by the opening of the external oblique ___________ forming medial crus and lateral crus
aponeurosis
What forms the boundaries of the inguinal canal?
external oblique aponeurosis (anteriorly), transversalis fascia and reinforced by internal oblique abs transversus abdominus neurosis posteriorly, inguinal ligament, lacunar ligaments, transversalis fascia laterally, arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles medially and intercrural fibers of external oblique aponeurosis
what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal
external oblique aponeurosis
what forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
transversalis fascia and reinforced by internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeurosis
what forms the floor of the inguinal canal?
inguinal ligament and lacunar ligaments
what forms the roof of the inguinal canal?
laterally by transversalis fascia, medially by arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles, intercrural fibers of external oblique aponeuosis
What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal?
anterior wall, posterior wall, floor, roof
What happens during a direct inguinal hernia
bowels push through the superficial inguinal ring
what happens during an indirect inguinal hernia
bowel migrates through deep inguinal ring, down the inguinal canal, and passes out through the superficial inguinal ring and heads to scrotum
What is the spermatic cord?
bundle of ducts, nerves, and vasculature connecting the testes to the abdominal cavity
The spermatic cord is formed at the ________ inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal, enters the scrotum via the _________ inguinal ring, and ends scrotum at the posterior border of the _________
deep, superficial, testes
the fascial covering of the spermatic cord are derived from the __________ wall during prenatal descent
anterolateral
The external spermatic fascia is derived from the _______ ________ aponeurosis
external oblique
the cremaster muscle and fascia is derived from the _______ _______ muscle
internal oblique
Where does the dartos muscle insert? What is its function?
skin of the scrotum, elevates testes for temperature regulation
The internal spermatic fascia is derived from the __________ fascia
transversalis
The round ligament of females have similar fascial coverings from the _________ abdominal wall
anterolateral
What are the 6 main structures of the spermatic cord?
ductus deferens, testicular arteries, pampiniform venous plexus, lymphatic vessels, sympathetic nerve fibers, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
what is the function of the ductus deferens?
conveys sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
what do the testicular arteries arise from?
the aorta
The pampiniform venous plexus is a network that drains into the ________ veins
testicular
The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve innervates the ________ muscle
cremaster
the lymphatic vessels of the spermatic cord follow the _______ arteries and dump into the _______ lymph nodes
testicular, lumbar
Within the scrotum, the testes and epididymis are covered by visceral layer of the _______ _________
tunica vaginalis
what is the tunica vaginalis?
serous sac produced as an out-pocketing of the abdominal peritoneum during the descent into the scrotum
The parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis lies deep to _______ ________ fascia
internal spermatic
the ______ ______ is a fibrous capsule surrounding the testes and projecting inwards Forming numerous lobules
tunica albuginae
The lobules of the tunica albuginae contain _________ tubules that produce sperm
seminiferous
immature sperm leave the rete testes via the __________ ductules and mature in the __________
efferent, epididymis
the epididymis consist of a ______, ________, and _________
head, body, tail
what is the peritoneum?
a serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs
what is the peritoneal cavity
potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers
the _________ peritoneum lines the inner abdominal wall
parietal
the ___________ peritoneum lines the abdominal organs
visceral
what is the mesentery?
a double layer of peritoneum that suspends organs from the body wall and conducts vasculature and nerves and also contains adipose and lymph nodes
most organs are suspended from the posterior body wall via _________ mesenteries, whereas other organs are attached to the anterior body wall via _____ mesenteries
dorsal, ventral
What are some dorsal mesenteries
greater omentum, mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon
what are some ventral mesenteries
lesser omentum, falciform ligament
the ________ ligament is a double layer of peritoneum that connects one organ to another. Also known as the _________ ligament
peritoneal, falciform
_________ organs are enveloped by visceral peritoneum, and are suspended by mesentery
intraperitoneal
What are the 10 intraperitoneal organs?
stomach
proximal duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
sigmoid colon
liver
gallbladder
pancreas tail
spleen
_________ organs are located posterior to the parietal peritoneum
retroperitineal
what are the 10 retroperitoneal organs?
distal duodenum
ascending colon
descending colon
rectum
pancreas head, neck, body
kidneys
ureters
suprarenal glands
abdominal aorta
inferior vena cava
the __________ space is a continuous space beneath the peritoneum
subperitoneal
The subperitoneal space includes the lower third of the _________ and the ______ _________
rectum, urinary bladder
What are the two main regions of the peritoneum?
greater sac and lesser sac
what is the greater sac?
general cavity of the abdomen
what is the lesser sac?
omental bursa
the greater sac and lesser sac are connected by the _________ foramen, also known as the ________ foramen or the foramen of ____________
omental, epicloic, winslow
Where does the greater omentum arise from? where does it extend to?
arises from the greater curvature of the stomach, extends inferiorly and anterior to the transverse colon and small intestines, then doubles back and ascends to attach to the visceral layer of transverse colon
the greater omentum can be subdivided into the ______ ligament, __________ ligament, and _________
gastrosplenic, gastrophrenic, gastrocolic
what is the function of the gastrosplenic ligament?
attaches stomach to spleen
what is the function of the gastrophrenic ligament?
attaches the stomach to diaphragm
what is the function of the gastrocolic ligament?
attaches stomach to the transverse colon
Where does the lesser omentum arise from and extend to?
arises from lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum and extends to the liver
the lesser omentum can be subdivided into the _________ ligament and the _________ ligament
heptaduodenal, heptogastric
The hepatoduodenal ligament contains the ______ ______ which consists of ..?
portal triad, common bile duct, proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein
The free edge of the hepatoduodenal ligament forms the boundary of the _______ foramen
omental
the omental foramen leads into the ______ ______ from the greater sac
lesser sac or omental bursa
The greater omentum is subdivided into the _______ and _______ compartments
supracolic, infracolic
what subdivides the greater omentum?
the lesser sac
the supracolic compartment contains the _______, _________, and ________
stomach, liver, spleen
the infracolic compartment contains the ________, _________, and _________
small intestine, ascending colon, descending colon
What is the mesentery proper, what is its function?
small intestine mesentery, suspends jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall
what is the function of the transverse mesocolon
suspends the transverse colon from posterior abdominal wall
what is the function of the sigmoid mesocolon
suspends sigmoid colon from the posterior abdominal wall
what is the function of the falciform ligament?
attaches the anterior liver to the anterior abdominal wall
