Theories of Development Flashcards
Information processing ____ with development.
Information processing IMPROVES with development.
What is the central idea of information processing theories?
Cognition is computation.
What is the information processing model?
A set of stages of processing incoming information and acting on the results of these processes.
In the information processing model, what does input include?
Perceptual input and sensory register
In the information processing model, what does processing include?
attention, encoding, rehearsal, storage, decision-making
In the information processing model, what does output include?
response
Development is _____ in information processing.
Development is CHANGE in information processing.
What happens with the improvement with information processing?
Capacity, efficiency, strategies, contents of processing all change over development.
Kail observed increases in processing speed that were similar across tasks. What does that suggest?
General changes in information processing.
Chess kids performed better than adults on ______ tasks.
Chess kids performed better than adults on CHESS tasks.
How does development happen in an information processing framework?
Domain general changes in processing; Domain specific changes in the information a child knows within a particular domain/
What do core knowledge theories argue?
That children have innate cognitive capacities that unfold over development.
What are the four core knowledge systems?
Objects and their interactions
Agents and their result-oriented actions
Number
Space
What do nativists emphasize?
Innate knowledge, which provides the foundation for later knowledge.
What do constructivists emphasize?
That initial knowledge is rudimentary, provides the building blocks for later knowledge
What do socio-cultural theories argue?
Development emerges through interactions with others
What did Vygotsky emphasize?
Children acquire capabilities through interaction with others and internalize them over time.
What is scaffolding? What theory does it fit under?
Socio-cultural; Parents adjust to their children, providing support just beyond what their child can do. With time and practice, the child increases competence, and the parent shifts their behavior.
What does dynamic system theories (DST) argue?
That behavior emerges out of complex interactions of multiple processes.
What are the two principles of DST theory?
- multiple subsystems work together to support behavior in often nonlinear ways
- development involves improving processing and getting better at coordinating subsystems
What is the classic explanation for why stepping reflex disappear in the first few months of life?
Reflex centers of the brain are inhibited as brain regions responsible for voluntary movement mature.
What is the dynamic systems explanation for why stepping reflex disappear in the first few months of life?
Stepping changes due to interactions of muscle strength, weight and postural changes.
