Peers and Peer Groups Flashcards
What does Judith Rich Harris argue?
Peers are a more important influence than parents
The _____ of peer influences is difficult to disentangle, because ________.
The CAUSALITY of peer influences is difficult to disentangle, because PEOPLE CHOOSE THIER FRIENDS.
What effects do social-emotional learning (SEL) programs have?
They can have a large, wide-ranging effects. This includes attitudes, positive social behavior, conduct problems, emotional distress, and academic performance.
The _______, _____, _____, and _______ in peer relationships can enhance children’s reasoning ability and their concern for others.
The EQUALITY, RECIPROCITY, COOPERATION, and INTIMACY in peer relationships can enhance children’s reasoning ability and their concern for others.
Children who have _______ attachment relationships with their parents tend to develop better social skills than children who are not.
Children who have SECURE attachment relationships with their parents tend to develop better social skills than children who are not.
What is a parent’s role in children’s early peer relationships?
Gatekeepers
What is a parent’s role in children’s late peer relationships?
Coaches
What is preschool friendship based on?
Proximity
What are the four sequences of interaction for initiation and continuation in playing sessions of children 20-30 months olds?
Games, contingent interaction, and conflict
What is the “game” interaction?
Structured interaction with turns.
What is the “contingent interaction”?
Responding to socially directed actions of the partner.
What is the “conflict” interaction?
Protesting, resisting, or retaliating against the partner.
What is social behavior in toddlers predicted by?
It is predicted by pair, not by the individuals in the pair.
People tend to choose friends that are _____ to them.
People tend to choose friends that are SIMILAR to them.
How do children choose friends by age 7?
Children tend to like peers who are similar to themselves in cognitive maturity of their play and in their aggressive behavior.
How do children choose friends in fourth to eight grade?
Friends are more similar than non-friends in prosocial behaviors, antisocial behavior, peer acceptance, and academic motivation.
How do children choose friends in adolescence?
Friends tend to have similar interests, attitudes, and behavior.
With age, verbal theories of friendship shift from _______ to_______.
With age, verbal theories of friendship shift from INSTRUMENTAL to INTIMATE.
What are the social outcomes of reciprocated best friends?
Positive social outcomes in middle childhood and to self-perceived competence and adjustment in adulthood.
What measures is childhood friendship related to in adulthood?
cognitive, social, and physical measures and psychopathology.
What is the weakness of studies on childhood social relationships?
Based on correlation, and correlation is not causation.
T/F There are clear and complex dominance hierarchies as early as preschool.
T
In what ways can children’s social relations be conceptualized?
Group-based peer relations, dyadic peer relations, peer networks, and peer status.
How is peer status measured?
Sociometric status; Assessed by asking children how much they like each of their classmates or how much they want to play with them.
