Academic Skills Flashcards
In which ways are academic skills related to life success?
educational attainment, performance at work, income, physical and mental health, longevity
Advanced reading skills in ______ extend through elementary, middle, and high school.
Advanced reading skills in KINDERGARTEN extend through elementary, middle, and high school.
________ reading skill is related to subsequently attending college.
THIRD-GRADE reading skill is related to subsequently attending college.
T/F Reading and formal mathematics are universal skills
False; they aren’t universal skills
What enabled the development of the alphabet?
Semantic languages had strong rules for syllabus, leading to alphabet development
What is the foundation of reading and writing?
Oral language
What is the simple rule of reading?
Reading comprehension depends on the interaction of decoding skill and comprehension of oral language.
What are four pre-reading skills?
Letter names, letter sounds, rhyming, and knowledge about the world
How many phonemes are in the english language? How many letters?
44 phonemes coordinating with 26 letters
What are the two ways to identify words while reading?
Phonological recoding and visually based retrieval
How does phonological recording work?
letters code sounds, sounds are identified, the blended into words
What is visually-based retrieval?
Accessing meaning directly from the visual word form, without activating the sounds of the word
In addition to decoding text, reading requires building a _____ ______.
In addition to decoding text, reading requires building a SITUATIONAL MODEL.
What is a situation model?
A representation of the situation or idea being depicted in text that is continuously updated
T/F Understanding text requires background knowledge
True
Why is writing hard?
It requires low-level goals and high-level goals
What are low-level goals?
forming letters, spelling words, using correct capitalization and punctuation
What are high-level goals?
making arguments comprehensible without context, intonations, and gestures
What is a flexible-focus?
When children write a passage where the subject varies (ex. coloring to cats to neighbors)
What is fixed topic?
When an entire passafe focuses on one subject (ex. my sister shares… and she plays… and she likes, etc.)
Flexible focus and fixed-topic writing decreases around ____ grade
Flexible focus writing decreases around 5TH grade
What is the foundation of numerical understanding?
a conception of number
________ builds out of concrete mathematic foundations.
ARITHMETIC builds out of concrete mathematic foundations.
Children begin arithmetic by conducting operation using _____ ______. They progress to ____ ______.
Children begin arithmetic by conducting operation using CONCRETE REPRESENTATIONS (like drawings or marbles). They progress to SYMBOLIC OPERATIONS.
