Perception Flashcards
Chapter 5
Define Sensation
Processing of information from the external world via receptors in the sense organs and brain
Define Perception
Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information about the objects, events, and spatial layout of the world
Perception is the act of…
organizing our sensory experience into a representation of the world
How can we test what babies percieve?
1) Using an experimental approach –manipulating stimulus and measuring behavior
2) Observing differences in behavior – differences tell us about the differences in perception of the stimulus
How did Fantz study infant perception?
He used preferential looking
- Infants viewed stripes of varying thickness
- trying to determine how thin of stripes infants could percieve (ex. could they see the stripes or only a block of color?)
What is the perception of fine detail called? How does it change throughout development?
Perception of fine detail is visual acuity; improves with development
A simulation of visual acuity and color perception in infancy shows improvement from _____ to _____. (ages)
A simulation of visual acuity and color perception in infancy shows improvement from 1 MONTH to 8 MONTHS.
What visual stimuli do infants prefer?
Complex visual simuli
Infants change _____ they look with development
Infants change HOW they look with development
_____ __________ requires integration of multiple visual cues.
DEPTH PERCEPTION requires integration of multiple visual cues
What cues are used to perceive depth?
Optical expansion, binocular disparity, monocular depth/pictorial cues
What is optical expansion?
Used for depth perception; When the visual image of an object increases in size as the object comes toward us, block more and more of the background
What is binocular disparity?
Used for depth perception; The difference between the retinal image of an object in each eye that results in two slightly different signals being sent to the brain.
What is monocular depth?
Perceptual cues of depth (such as relative size and interposition) that can be perceived by one eye alone
What is another name for monocular depth?
Pictorial cues
The use of binocular disparity emerges ______ (speed) around ______ of age.
The use of binocular disparity emerges ABRUPTLY around 4 MONTHS of age
Use of monocular cues emerges ______ (speed) around _______ of age.
Use of monocular cues emerges SLOWLY around 6 MONTHS of age.
Young infants continue to represent objects that __________________.
Young infants continue to represent objects that HAVE VANISHED FROM SIGHT.
Infants have a bias toward visual configurations with _________.
Infants have a bias toward visual configurations with MORE ELEMENTS IN THE UPPER HALF THAN LOWER HALF
T/F Infants are sensitive to contrast polarity
True
How does face perception become specialized in newborns?
General bias develops for face-like stimuli, especially human and monkey right-side-up faces
How does face perception become specialized in 6-month-olds?
Infants learn how to discriminate between human and monkey faces (generalist)
How does face perception become specialized in 9-month-olds?
Infants learn how to discriminate between human faces (specialist)
Which sense is the most advanced in newborns? Why?
Hearing because there is lots of prenatal experience
