Moral Development Flashcards
T/F Morality is universal
T
T/F Morality is only attributed to humans
F; Morality is contributed to humans, nations, supernatural entities, robots, and AI
What does moral reasoning reflect?
Judgements pertaining to others’ welfare, rights, justice, and fairness
What is the complex decision process with morals?
- Recognize situations as having moral rules
- Activate relevant schemas
- Encode and interpret the situation
- Evaluate options
T/F Moral reasoning is distinct from cultural traditions, conventions, norms, and traditions
T
Changes in moral reasoning drives ______. Both ______ and _____.
Changes in moral reasoning drives CHANGE. Both DEVELOPMENTAL and SOCIETAL.
T/F Patterns of moral judgement are fuzzy
F; There are clear patterns of moral judgement even though specific moral judgements are not universal
What are the three processes through which moral judgements may emerge?
Reasoning, Intuition, and Emotion
By what age do children understand that infliction of harm on others is wrong?
Age 3
Despite the potential costs of protesting, at what age do children challenge unfair group norms?
As early as age 5 or 6
What are the 5 moral grammars under the moral foundations theory?
Purity, Authority, In-group loyalty, fairness, and avoiding harm
What is the moral grammar of harm?
Whether or not someone suffered emotionally.
What is the moral grammar of fairness?
Whether or not some people were treated differently than others.
What is the moral grammar of loyalty?
Whether or not someone’s action showed love for his or her country.
What is the moral grammar of authority?
Whether or not someone’s showed a lack of respect for authority.
What is the moral grammar of purity?
Whether or not someone did something disgusting.
One’s moral evaluations are related to _______ and ________ evaluations
One’s moral evaluations are related to PARENTS’ and GRANDPARENTS’ evaluations
T/F Moral judgements are simply learned.
F; Moral judgements are not simply learned, or there wouldn’t be change in moral evaluations over generations
______ behind a behavior is critical for determining whether a given behavior is moral or immoral.
REASONING behind a behavior is critical for determining whether a given behavior is moral or immoral.
What are the three pieces to reasoning behind a behavior?
Input (beliefs/desires & consequences/causes), Analysis (intended/caused harm is bad), and the judgement (whether or not it is wrong and punishment is needed)
What did Piaget describe about children’s moral reasoning?
Children’s moral reasoning changes from rigid acceptance of the rules to an appreciation that the rules are a product of social interaction that can be changed
What is Piaget’s theory of moral judgement based on?
Observation of children switching between three phases: morality of constraint, a transition period, and autonomous morality
What is morality of constraint (aka heteronomous morality)?
What determines whether an action is good or bad is the consequence of the action, not the motive.
At what age is the transitional period of morality?
5-7 years old.
