Nature vs. Nurture Flashcards
What is genotype?
Genetic material an individual inherits
What is phenotype?
Observable expression of the genotype, including body characteristics and behavior.
What is the environment?
Every aspect of the individual, and his or her surroundings, other than genes.
What is the genome?
The complete set of the organism’s genes.
What is non-coding DNA? And what do they do?
Sequences that do not code for amino acids; Regulate gene expression.
What percent of humans DNA sequence is the same?
99.95
On average, how many bases differ from person to person?
3
What are the six ways that genetic disorders can be transmitted?
- dominate-recessive patterns
- polygenic inherited
- sex-linked inheritance
- chromosomal anomalies
- gene anomalies
- regulator genes
What is a condition that results from dominate pattern transmission?
Huntington disease
What are conditions that result from recessive pattern transmissions?
PKU, sickle-cell anemia, Tay-Sachs
What are conditions that result from polygenic inherited transmissions?
Cancer, heart disease
What are conditions that result from sex-linked inherited transmissions?
male-patterned baldness, hemophilia, fragile-X syndrome
What is a condition that results from chromosomal anomaly transmissions?
Down syndrome
What is a condition that result from gene anomaly transmissions?
Williams syndrome
What are conditions that result from regulator gene transmissions?
Newborns with female genitalia but genetically male
What is a regulatory gene transmission?
Problems with regulator genes switching on or off
What is a gene Anomaly?
Missing, abnormal, or extra chromosomes or genes
What is a chromosomal anomaly?
Errors in germ cell division that results in zygote have more or less than a normal set of chromosomes
What do genome-wide association studies (GWAS) measure?
The characteristics of individuals and associate these characteristics with DNA segments.
What did the human genome project reveal?
That causation is complex.
What is epigenetics? Can these changes be transmitted?
Changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment. Some epigenetic changes can be transmitted to the next generation.
What is behavior genetics?
The science concerned with how variation in behavior and development results from the combination of genetic and environmental factors.
What does heritable mean?
Characteristics or traits influenced by heredity. Heritability is how much variation of a trait there is within a population.
