Emotions Flashcards
What are emotions?
Physiological and cognitive responses to thoughts and experiences
What are the 6 components of emotions?
neural, physiological, subjective experience, cognitive appraisal, expressions, and desire to act
What did Darwin argue for?
discrete emotions that are automatic and innate
What did Ekman argue for?
Six basic emotions (happy, sad, fear, anger, surprise, disgust) that each have a characteristic facial expression
What has later work suggested about Ekman’s theory?
that there are more complex, compound emotions
What is the functionalist approach to emotion?
The functionalist approach proposes that the basic function of emotions is to promote action toward achieving a goal
Systems for coding and classifying infants’ facial expressions rely on ______ ________ __________.
Systems for coding and classifying infants’ facial expressions rely on UNDERLYING MUSCLE MOVEMENTS.
When does the emotion of fear emerge?
9-14 mo: stranger wariness, separation anxiety
12 mo: fear of unexpected sights and sounds
When do the emotions of pride/shame emerge?
18 mo: self-awareness, pride, shame, and embarrassment
When do the emotions of happy/content emerge?
6 weeks: social smiling
3 mo: laughter and curiosity
4 mo: full, responsive smiles
When do the emotions of anger/sadness emerge?
4-8 mo: anger as a healthy response to frustration and sadness as an indication of withdrawal
An infants’ goal is to ______________, while mother’s goals are ____________________ (in regards to smiling)
An infants’ goal is to MAKE THEIR MOTHER SMILE, while mother’s goals are FOR BOTH TO BE SMILING
What emotional development occurs during the preschool years?
Children become less intense and less emotionally negative
What emotional development occurs during the early school years?
Perceptions of others’ motives and intentions are important in determining whether or not they will be angered
What emotional development occurs during the early to middle childhood years?
Acceptance by peers and achieving goals becomes increasingly important sources of happiness and pride
What emotional development occurs in school-age children?
fears are generally related to real-life important issues rather than imaginary creatures
How are skills of “identifying emotions” seen in 3 month year olds?
They can distinguish facial expressions of happiness, surprise, and anger
How are skills of “identifying emotions” seen in 16 to 18 month year olds?
Children prefer toys associated with surprise and happy faces
How are skills of “identifying emotions” seen in 12 month year olds?
Seen through social referencing – meaning an infant uses emotional displays of adults to regulate their behaviors
How are skills of “identifying emotions” seen in 2 year olds?
Seen through labelling emotions
At what age do children begin to sort facial expressions according to categories?
5 years old
By age 3, what do children understand about the causes of emotion?
They identify situations that make people happy
By age 4, what do children understand about the causes of emotion?
They identify situations that make people sad
By age 5, what do children understand about the causes of emotion?
They identify situations likely to elicit anger, fear, and surprise
By age 7, what do children understand about the causes of emotion?
Self-conscious, social emotions (like pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment, and guilt) start to emerge
Children’s perceptions of emotions in others is affected by _________ _______.
Children’s perceptions of emotions in others is affected by PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.
Children who are abused recognize _____ more quickly than other children.
Children who are abused recognize ANGER more quickly than other children.
What is emotional regulation?
The ability to monitor and modulate which emotions one has, when you have them, and how you experience and express them
________ can be thought of as an emotional regulation problem.
PROCRASTINATION can be thought of as an emotional regulation problem.
What is coregulation?
The process by which a caregiver provides the needed comfort or distraction to help a child reduce his or her distress
What are self-comforting behaviors?
Repetitive actions that regulate arousal by providing mildly positive physical sensations
What is self-distraction?
Looking away from or disengaging in an upsetting stimulus in order to regulate one’s level of arousal
T/F Toddlers can’t regulate their behavior in response to someone else’s emotions
F They CAN regulate their behavior in response to other’s emotions
How does self-control develop?
1.Children internalize scaffolding (private speech
2. Children develop strategies for dealing with challenging situations
3. Children’s working memory abilities improve
4. Children’s attentional abilities improve
What are the three factors that emotional regulation emerge from?
person, situation, strategy
