Emotions

Question 1

What are emotions?

Answer 1

Physiological and cognitive responses to thoughts and experiences

Question 2

What are the 6 components of emotions?

Answer 2

neural, physiological, subjective experience, cognitive appraisal, expressions, and desire to act

Question 3

What did Darwin argue for?

Answer 3

discrete emotions that are automatic and innate

Question 4

What did Ekman argue for?

Answer 4

Six basic emotions (happy, sad, fear, anger, surprise, disgust) that each have a characteristic facial expression

Question 5

What has later work suggested about Ekman’s theory?

Answer 5

that there are more complex, compound emotions

Question 6

What is the functionalist approach to emotion?

Answer 6

The functionalist approach proposes that the basic function of emotions is to promote action toward achieving a goal

Question 7

Systems for coding and classifying infants’ facial expressions rely on ______ ________ __________.

Answer 7

Systems for coding and classifying infants’ facial expressions rely on UNDERLYING MUSCLE MOVEMENTS.

Question 8

When does the emotion of fear emerge?

Answer 8

9-14 mo: stranger wariness, separation anxiety
12 mo: fear of unexpected sights and sounds

Question 9

When do the emotions of pride/shame emerge?

Answer 9

18 mo: self-awareness, pride, shame, and embarrassment

Question 10

When do the emotions of happy/content emerge?

Answer 10

6 weeks: social smiling
3 mo: laughter and curiosity
4 mo: full, responsive smiles

Question 11

When do the emotions of anger/sadness emerge?

Answer 11

4-8 mo: anger as a healthy response to frustration and sadness as an indication of withdrawal

Question 12

An infants’ goal is to ______________, while mother’s goals are ____________________ (in regards to smiling)

Answer 12

An infants’ goal is to MAKE THEIR MOTHER SMILE, while mother’s goals are FOR BOTH TO BE SMILING

Question 13

What emotional development occurs during the preschool years?

Answer 13

Children become less intense and less emotionally negative

Question 14

What emotional development occurs during the early school years?

Answer 14

Perceptions of others’ motives and intentions are important in determining whether or not they will be angered

Question 15

What emotional development occurs during the early to middle childhood years?

Answer 15

Acceptance by peers and achieving goals becomes increasingly important sources of happiness and pride

Question 16

What emotional development occurs in school-age children?

Answer 16

fears are generally related to real-life important issues rather than imaginary creatures

Question 17

How are skills of “identifying emotions” seen in 3 month year olds?

Answer 17

They can distinguish facial expressions of happiness, surprise, and anger

Question 18

How are skills of “identifying emotions” seen in 16 to 18 month year olds?

Answer 18

Children prefer toys associated with surprise and happy faces

Question 19

How are skills of “identifying emotions” seen in 12 month year olds?

Answer 19

Seen through social referencing – meaning an infant uses emotional displays of adults to regulate their behaviors

Question 20

How are skills of “identifying emotions” seen in 2 year olds?

Answer 20

Seen through labelling emotions

Question 21

At what age do children begin to sort facial expressions according to categories?

Answer 21

5 years old

Question 22

By age 3, what do children understand about the causes of emotion?

Answer 22

They identify situations that make people happy

Question 23

By age 4, what do children understand about the causes of emotion?

Answer 23

They identify situations that make people sad

Question 24

By age 5, what do children understand about the causes of emotion?

Answer 24

They identify situations likely to elicit anger, fear, and surprise

Question 25

By age 7, what do children understand about the causes of emotion?

Answer 25

Self-conscious, social emotions (like pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment, and guilt) start to emerge

Question 26

Children’s perceptions of emotions in others is affected by _________ _______.

Answer 26

Children’s perceptions of emotions in others is affected by PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.

Question 27

Children who are abused recognize _____ more quickly than other children.

Answer 27

Children who are abused recognize ANGER more quickly than other children.

Question 28

What is emotional regulation?

Answer 28

The ability to monitor and modulate which emotions one has, when you have them, and how you experience and express them

Question 29

________ can be thought of as an emotional regulation problem.

Answer 29

PROCRASTINATION can be thought of as an emotional regulation problem.

Question 30

What is coregulation?

Answer 30

The process by which a caregiver provides the needed comfort or distraction to help a child reduce his or her distress

Question 31

What are self-comforting behaviors?

Answer 31

Repetitive actions that regulate arousal by providing mildly positive physical sensations

Question 32

What is self-distraction?

Answer 32

Looking away from or disengaging in an upsetting stimulus in order to regulate one’s level of arousal

Question 33

T/F Toddlers can’t regulate their behavior in response to someone else’s emotions

Answer 33

F They CAN regulate their behavior in response to other’s emotions

Question 34

How does self-control develop?

Answer 34

1.Children internalize scaffolding (private speech
2. Children develop strategies for dealing with challenging situations
3. Children’s working memory abilities improve
4. Children’s attentional abilities improve

Question 35

What are the three factors that emotional regulation emerge from?

Answer 35

person, situation, strategy