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Developmental Science > Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior > Flashcards

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

What is prosocial behavior?

A

Voluntary behavior intended to benefit others such as helping, sharing, or comforting.

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2
Q

What are the five ways people help others, often at personal cost?

A

Kin selection, reciprocal altruism, group selection, physiological arousal, developmental processes

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3
Q

T/F Toddlers don’t spontaneously help others

A

F; Even toddlers spontaneously help others

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4
Q

What is antisocial behavior?

A

Disruptive, hostile, or aggressive behavior that violates social norms or rules and that harms or takes advantage of others.

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5
Q

What is aggression?

A

Behavior aimed at harming or injuring others.

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6
Q

What is instrumental aggression?

A

Aggression motivated by the desire to obtain a concrete goal.

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7
Q

What is relational aggression?

A

Intending to harm others by damaging peer relationships; leads to conduct disorders.

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8
Q

What is reactive aggression?

A

Emotionally driven, antagonistic aggression sparked by one’s perception that other people’s motives are hostile.

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9
Q

When is aggressive behavior usually first seen? Why is it usually seen?

A

Usually seen before 12 months of age. Usually during fights over objects.

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10
Q

By what age is physical aggression seen?

A

By 18 months.

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11
Q

What pattern of development does physical aggression show in the early years?

A

A U-shaped pattern.

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12
Q

For highly aggressive individuals, at what ages are the U-shaped pattern of development seen?

A

Early years and again in adolescence.

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13
Q

T/F There are multiple trajectories of aggression over development.

A

T

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14
Q

At what age does noncompliance and defiance begin? At what age does it decrease?

A

It begins during toddler years and decreases after age 4-5.

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15
Q

T/F Noncompliance is a precursor to more serious disruptive and delinquent behavior.

A

F; Only in a minority of children noncompliance leads to more serious disruptive delinquent behavior

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16
Q

One reason people help others is _______.

A

One reason people help others is EMOTIONS.

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17
Q

What is empathy?

A

Empathy is an emotional reaction to another’s emotional state or condition that is similar to that person’s state or condition

18
Q

What is sympathy?

A

Sympathy is the feeling of concern for another person (or animal) in reaction to the other’s emotional state or condition; often an outcome of empathizing with another’s negative emotion or situation.

19
Q

Lack of _______, _______, and, _____ can lead to violent antisocial behavior.

A

Lack of EMPATHY, SHAME, and, GUILT can lead to violent antisocial behavior.

20
Q

What is required to sympathize or empathize?

A

The perspective of others.

21
Q

By what age do children exhibit guilt when they do something wrong?

A

By age 2.

22
Q

Which children show less guilt – fearful or fearless children?

A

Fearless children show less guilt than do fearful children.

23
Q

What is conscience?

A

An internal regulatory mechanism that increases the individual’s ability to conform to standards of conduct accepted in his or her culture.

24
Q

What are the causes of antisocial behavior in utero?

A

smoking, alcohol, drug use, stress

25
Q

What are the causes of antisocial behavior during birth?

A

birth complications, maternal/paternal psychopathology, malnutrition

26
Q

What are the causes of antisocial behavior during childhood?

A

Harsh and inconsistent discipline, parent-child conflict, maltreatment, low socio-economic status and poverty, low parental warmth

27
Q

What are the causes of antisocial behavior during adolescence?

A

community violence, association with deviant peers

28
Q

What neural and cognitive systems are involved in antisocial behavior?

A

emotional processing, empathy, perspective-taking, executive functions, reinforcement learning.

29
Q

What are four antisocial behaviours?

A

aggression (reactive and instrumental), lying, stealing, and rule violations

30
Q

What is in a reciprocal relationship with antisocial behavior (and low self regulation)?

A

Harsher parenting and more aggressive friends.

31
Q

_____ factors may underly individual differences in prosocial and antisocial behavior.

A

BIOLOGICAL factors may underly individual differences in prosocial and antisocial behavior.

32
Q

______ twins are more similar in prosocial and antisocial behavior than are _____ twins.

A

IDENTICAL twins are more similar in prosocial and antisocial behavior than are FRATERNAL twins.

33
Q

Temperament contributes to individual differences in ____ cognition.

A

Temperament contributes to individual differences in SOCIAL cognition.

34
Q

T/F gene variants can effect children responsiveness to their environments

A

T

35
Q

______ socialize prosocial behavior in children.

A

CAREGIVERS socialize prosocial behavior in children.

36
Q

T/F Observing prosocial behavior increases prosocial behavior.

A

T

37
Q

What is the goal of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS)?

A

Change the overall school climate and thereby reduce negative behaviors and increase positive behaviors among staff and students.

38
Q

What are the principles of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS)?

A

Derived from learning theory; children are caught behaving well.

39
Q

What are the levels of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS)?

A

primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary intervention.

40
Q

T/F Children with aggressive or antisocial problem behaviors can be successfully treated.

A

T

41
Q

How are children with aggressive or antisocial behaviors treated?

A
  • individual psychotherapy
  • combination of psychotherapy and drug therapy
  • parent education and intervention
    -school-based intervention
    -communnity-based prograns
42
Q

What are two examples of community-based programs?

A

Positive youth development and service learning

Developmental Science (22 decks)

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