The tongue Flashcards
Oral cavity Proper
The space between the teeth and tongue
Vestibule
Gap between teeth and cheek
What do lips bind to?
the oral fissure
What are lips innervated by?
sensory fibres, hence they are very tactile organs
Lips in dogs, horse and sheep
soft and flexible
Lips in cows and pigs
stiff and less mobile
What is the outer layer of the lips?
stratified squamous epithelium
What is the middle layer of the lips?
Skeletal muscle
What is the inner layer of the lips?
Labial gland
Where is the hard palate?
the rostral part of the root mouth
Where is the soft palate?
The caudal part of the root mouth
What are muscles covered by?
musculomucousal membrane
Functions of the Hard Palate?
It is keratinised for protection and has ridges to help grip food
Palatine bone
Aids in the senses of smell and taste
Vomeronasal organ
organ behind the nose
Incisive papilla
Lump at the top of the mouth, opens into the incisive duct and covered in keratinised epithelium and strengthened by cartilage
What are the 3 layers of the hard palate
Mixed gland, Palatine bone and stratified squamous epithelium
Tongue
Core muscle covered by stratified squamous epithelium
where is the Lyssa
Line down the centre of the tongue, it is surrounded by dense connective tissue
Intrinsic Muscles in Tongue
muscle fibres orientated in 3 directions longitudinal, transverse and vertical- forms the proper position of the tongue
Extrinsic tongue muscles
Attaches the tongue to other structures
Intrinsic
Muscles lie entirely within the tongue
3 extrinsic muscles
Stylo-glossus, Hyo-glossus and Genio-glossus
how are Intrinsic muscles orientated
have muscle fibres orientated in 3 directions that allow it to sit in its normal (proper) position
Stylo-glossus
long, thin muscle that retracts and elevates the tongue
Hyo-glossus
Wide and flat muscle- retracts and depresses the tongue
Genio-glossus
Fan shaped muscle, caudal and rostral fibres protrude and retract the apex
what are Lingual papillae
small structures on the upper surface of the tongue
What are the two types of lingual papillae?
Mechanical and Gustatory
4 types of mechanical papillae
Filiform, Conical, Marginal and Lenticular
name 3 types of Gustatory papillae
Fungiform, Vallate and Foliate
Filiform
Hair-like structures and grips food
Conical
Larger and less frequent, provides traction for food
Marginal
Newborn carnivores and piglets, aids in suckling
Lenticular
hard and horny due to keratinisation
Fungiform
Mushroom shaped
Filiform
hair like structures on the dorsal surface of the tongue
vallate
between the body and root of the tongue, has large circular projections surrounded by a deep groove
Foliate
at the same level but on the edges of the tongue, found in horses and pigs
How is the motor part of the tongue innervated?
Hypoglossal nerve
How is the Sensation part of the Rostral part of the sensory tongue innervated
lingual nerve, branch of mandibular division
How is the Caudal part of the sensory tongue innervated
Taste and general sensation, Glossopharyngeal nerve and has additional innervation from the vagal nerve
What is the vomeronasal organ responsible for?
Semiochemical pheromone detection
How is the Taste part of the Rostral part of the sensory tongue innervated
The facial nerve
