Footpads and Hooves

Question 1

What layer of the integument makes up the footpad?

Answer 1

Subcutis

Question 2

What is the distal phalanx?

Answer 2

The middle finger/ bone- where all the pressure is concentrated

Question 3

What is the adipose tissue partitioned by?

Answer 3

Collagen fibres, these also assist in anchoring it to the skeleton

Question 4

Structure and function of stratum corneum?

Answer 4

Thickened outer layer, protects the dermis from damage

Question 5

What is the horn/ nail

Answer 5

Highly keratinised epidermis, It grows distally

Question 6

How does the nail/ horn attach to underlying dermis?

Answer 6

interdigitations (finger-like projections) between the epidermis and dermis

Question 7

What is the function of the interdigitations?

Answer 7

To increase the surface area

Question 8

What does the dermis attach to in claws

Answer 8

periosteum of the digital phalanx

Question 9

What are some considerations for hooves

Answer 9

Muscle mass is concentrated, only the third digit is weight bearing- poor venous return of blood

Question 10

What are the 5 parts of the hoof dermis?

Answer 10

Perioplic, Coronary, Lamellar, Solar, Frog

Question 11

Stratum externum

Answer 11

thin, glossy, produced by perioplic papillae

Question 12

Stratum medium

Answer 12

partially pigmented, bulk of hoof wall

Question 13

Stratum internum

Answer 13

unpigmented epidermal horn

Question 14

White line

Answer 14

marks the junction of the sole and hoof wall

Question 15

What is the periosteum?

Answer 15

Outer lining of the digital phalanx bone

Question 16

what is the purpose of the elastic dorsal ligament?

Answer 16

Keeps nails retracted in cats

Question 17

what is the white line made up of?

Answer 17

interlamellar horn from terminal papillae

Question 18

Where is the perioplic dermis positioned?

Answer 18

Above the coronary band

Question 19

What does the perioplic dermis produce?

Answer 19

Stratum externum

Question 20

What does the coronary dermis produce?

Answer 20

Stratum medium (bulk of the hoof wall) and dermal papillae that are attached to the pedal bone and the epidermal papillae

Question 21

What is the stratum internum

Answer 21

Epidermal laminae

Question 22

How is the hoof modified for venous return?

Answer 22

As the frog is squashed collateral cartilage pushes blood back with every step