General structures and function of the common integument Flashcards
What is the common integument?
The outer barrier of an organism
What does the common integument include?
Subcutis, Skin and Modified skin structures
What two parts is the cutis split into?
Dermis and Epidermis
What is the function of the subcutis tissue?
Insulation, Energy Source, and protecting organs
What is the subcutis tissue?
loose connective tissue between the skin and the muscle fascia- it is in the deepest layer of the skin
What is the function of the dermis?
To determine the thickness of the skin
What is the Dermis made up of?
Fibrous, Connective tissue (collagen and elastin fibres)
What are Langer’s lines?
Lines of tension in the dermis
How many layers does the epidermis have?
4-5
Where is the epidermis?
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin on your body
When is the variations in fat in subcutaneous tissue important?
It causes folds, and can be important when deciding where to inject dogs
What are 3 functions of subcutis tissue?
Insulation, Energy source, Padding
What are cutaneous muscles?
thin, interrupted sheets spread over the body in the subcutis
Where is the Platysma?
over the neck and face
Where is the Frontalis?
over the frontal bone
Where is the cutaneous coli
From the sternum and spreads up the neck
Where is the cutaneous trunci?
covers the side of the trunk
Where is the cutaneous omobrachialis?
It’s a continuation of cutaneous trunci and continues over the shoulder and arm
Where are the preputial muscles?
They connect the ventral midline to prepuce
What is the stratum basale?
the deepest layer, attached to the dermis causes proliferation of keratinocytes
What is the stratum spinosum?
looks ‘spiky’ under microscope, contains desmosome junctions
What is the stratum granulosum?
very thin layer of cells, contains products needed for keratinisation
What is the Stratum lucidum
A thin, clear layer of dead skin cells
What is the stratum corneum?
The outermost layer of the epidermis and marks the final stage of keratinocyte maturation and development
What is a keratinocyte?
The primary type of cell found in the epidermis
What other cells are found in the epidermis?
Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkels cells
What is a melanocyte?
Pigment cells that protect against radiation
What is a langerhans cell?
immune cells
What is a Merkels cell?
touch receptor
What are some examples of Thermoregulation?
Sweating, Blood flow to skin, Insulation
What are some examples of Protection?
Can be Physical (fat to protect organs), against radiation (e.g melanocytes) or epidermal organs (hooves, claws)
What are some examples of immune defence?
Physical barrier to infection, immune cells in skin- antimicrobial properties
What are some examples of sensing environment?
Using sense receptors (e.g Pressure, Pain, Heat…)
What are some examples of storage and excretion?
Fat stores energy, water and vitamins- Glands can excrete water and electrolytes
What are some examples of communication?
Epidermal organs (e.g horns), smelly substances from glands, pigmentation
What are some examples of selective permeability?
impermeable to water, some medications can be absorbed across skin, respiration
