GI Tract- Ruminants Flashcards
Oesophagus in cows
Begins at the pharynx, tilts to the left- it is capable of reverse peristalsis and peristalsis
Where are the primary locations for choking?
cervical region, thoracic region, thoracic inlet and the base of the heart
What are the 4 chambers of the stomach?
Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum and Abomasum(glandular)
What is a foregut fermenter?
an animal that has a pre-gastric fermentation chamber, can also digest cellulose
Rumen
fermentation “vat” and is partially divided into sacs
Ruminoreticular compartment
The idea that the rumen and reticulum function together
Reticulum
Serves as a pump, that causes liquid to flow into and out of the rumen
Pillars
Strong muscular structures found in the stomach that move large vat around
Grooves
They correspond with thickened smooth muscle pillars on the inside of the rumen
Forestomach papillae
peg-like mucosal projections that increase surface area and absorb volatile fatty acids, usually found in the reticulum
Which stomach has a honeycomb-like appearance?
Reticulum
In which animal does the abomasum not contract?
Cows (it does in sheep)
What are the 3 parts of the gastric groove?
reticular groove, omasal and abomasal groove
What is the function of the gastric groove?
muscular folds form a passageway between the cardia and the abomasum that allows milk to bypass the forestomach and therefore not be fermented, this can be mimicked by some drugs
What is the omentum?
Double-layered connecting peritoneum between the stomach and abdominal walls/ abdominal organs- it is fatty and vascular and promotes hemostasis and healing
What are ruminal pillars?
They divide the dorsal and ventral ruminal sacs
What are coronary pillars?
divide the caudal blind sacs
What are cranial pillars?
divide the dorsal and cranial sacs
What does the supraomental recess do?
helps keep intestines away from incision site
What 3 branches does the celiac artery form?
Splenic, left gastric, and hepatic artery
What do the right and left ruminal arteries follow?
They follow the longitudinal grooves
What do the right and left gastric arteries follow?
the lesser curvature of the abomasum
What do the right and left gastric epiploic arteries follow?
the greater curvature of the abomasum
Which artery supplies the bulk of the intestines?
the cranial mesenteric artery
What supplies the first part of the duodenum with blood?
the celiac artery
What supplies the descending colon with blood?
the caudal mesenteric artery
What is the tracheal bifurcation?
Where the trachea splits into two
What is found on the left hand side of a ruminant?
Rumen and Reticulum occupy the left hand side of the diaphragm
Where do the reticulum and the rumen extend from?
approximately the 7th rib to the diaphragm
What does the omentum promote?
Hemostasis and healing
What does each layer of the greater omentum contain?
double layer of peritoneum
Where does the superficial wall arise from?
the left side of the rumen
