GI Tract- Ruminants

Question 1

Oesophagus in cows

Answer 1

Begins at the pharynx, tilts to the left- it is capable of reverse peristalsis and peristalsis

Question 2

Where are the primary locations for choking?

Answer 2

cervical region, thoracic region, thoracic inlet and the base of the heart

Question 3

What are the 4 chambers of the stomach?

Answer 3

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum and Abomasum(glandular)

Question 4

What is a foregut fermenter?

Answer 4

an animal that has a pre-gastric fermentation chamber, can also digest cellulose

Question 5

Rumen

Answer 5

fermentation “vat” and is partially divided into sacs

Question 6

Ruminoreticular compartment

Answer 6

The idea that the rumen and reticulum function together

Question 7

Reticulum

Answer 7

Serves as a pump, that causes liquid to flow into and out of the rumen

Question 8

Pillars

Answer 8

Strong muscular structures found in the stomach that move large vat around

Question 9

Grooves

Answer 9

They correspond with thickened smooth muscle pillars on the inside of the rumen

Question 10

Forestomach papillae

Answer 10

peg-like mucosal projections that increase surface area and absorb volatile fatty acids, usually found in the reticulum

Question 11

Which stomach has a honeycomb-like appearance?

Answer 11

Reticulum

Question 12

In which animal does the abomasum not contract?

Answer 12

Cows (it does in sheep)

Question 13

What are the 3 parts of the gastric groove?

Answer 13

reticular groove, omasal and abomasal groove

Question 14

What is the function of the gastric groove?

Answer 14

muscular folds form a passageway between the cardia and the abomasum that allows milk to bypass the forestomach and therefore not be fermented, this can be mimicked by some drugs

Question 15

What is the omentum?

Answer 15

Double-layered connecting peritoneum between the stomach and abdominal walls/ abdominal organs- it is fatty and vascular and promotes hemostasis and healing

Question 16

What are ruminal pillars?

Answer 16

They divide the dorsal and ventral ruminal sacs

Question 17

What are coronary pillars?

Answer 17

divide the caudal blind sacs

Question 18

What are cranial pillars?

Answer 18

divide the dorsal and cranial sacs

Question 19

What does the supraomental recess do?

Answer 19

helps keep intestines away from incision site

Question 20

What 3 branches does the celiac artery form?

Answer 20

Splenic, left gastric, and hepatic artery

Question 21

What do the right and left ruminal arteries follow?

Answer 21

They follow the longitudinal grooves

Question 22

What do the right and left gastric arteries follow?

Answer 22

the lesser curvature of the abomasum

Question 23

What do the right and left gastric epiploic arteries follow?

Answer 23

the greater curvature of the abomasum

Question 24

Which artery supplies the bulk of the intestines?

Answer 24

the cranial mesenteric artery

Question 25

What supplies the first part of the duodenum with blood?

Answer 25

the celiac artery

Question 26

What supplies the descending colon with blood?

Answer 26

the caudal mesenteric artery

Question 27

What is the tracheal bifurcation?

Answer 27

Where the trachea splits into two

Question 28

What is found on the left hand side of a ruminant?

Answer 28

Rumen and Reticulum occupy the left hand side of the diaphragm

Question 29

Where do the reticulum and the rumen extend from?

Answer 29

approximately the 7th rib to the diaphragm

Question 30

What does the omentum promote?

Answer 30

Hemostasis and healing

Question 31

What does each layer of the greater omentum contain?

Answer 31

double layer of peritoneum

Question 32

Where does the superficial wall arise from?

Answer 32

the left side of the rumen