Skin glands (functions) Flashcards
What are the two basic types of skin glands?
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Eccrine and Apocrine
What is the structure of sebaceous glands
has a lobed (acinar) structure
What do sebaceous glands produce?
fatty/ oily sebum (lanolin in sheep)
What are the functions of the sebum?
moisture and waterproof the skin, antimicrobial, allow sweat to spread, pheromones or other scented compounds
Circumoral glands
around the mouth, used for scent marking and greeting
Horn glands
Found in goats, more productive during breeding season in males
Infraorbital pouch glands
Found above the eyes in sheep (modified sebaceous gland)
Interdigital pouch (sheep)
Used for trail marking
Glands of the inguinal region
Helps lands find the udder, just inside the groin
Preputial glands
Found in the boar
Apocrine sweat glands
Discharge albuminous sweat into hair follicles, found all over the body and react with bacteria to produce an odour
Eccrine sweat glands
Discharge more watery sweat directly onto the skin, found in more specific areas such as the footpad
How is sweat secreted from Apopcrine sweat glands?
Vesicles pinch off from cells in packets to secrete cell membrane and cytoplasm
How is sweat secreted from Eccrine Sweat Glands?
Merocrine secretion/ Exocytosis
Mammary Glands
modified apocrine sweat glands (milk is protein rich)
What is the function of Mammary glands?
Colostrum contains antibodies, important for immune transfer
What are Mammary glands made up from?
body (mammae) and a teat, collections of mammary glands are called udders- each gland contains one or more secretory units
Supernumerary teats
any teat that is in excess to the normal amount, usually develops from extra buds
What produces milk?
Mammary cuboidal epithelial cells that line the alveoli
Alveoli are…
grouped into lobules and separated by connective tissue
Lobules are…
Grouped into lobes and separated by Adipose tissue
myoepithelial cells
muscle cells that surround alveoli and push milk out of the alveolus
Intralobular ducts
drains the alveolus
interlobular ducts
outside of the lobule
lactiferous sinus
Where milk is stored (teat sinus and gland sinus)
Function of smooth muscle sphincter
Prevents the leakage of milk
Let down
When the myoepithelial cells contract and relax the taet sphincter muscle
mucosal fold
marks the transition between gland and teat sinus
When are mammary glands fully developed?
at the height of lactation, full size and function during pregnancy
Keratin plug
During the dry period, stops material getting in
median suspensory ligament
separates left and right side, has elasticity
lateral suspensory ligaments
hold the outside of the glands
How do birds lose heat?
respiratory evaporative cooling and the skin (vasodilation)
Lipogenic epidermis
deposits lipid film onto feathers
What 3 sebaceous glands do birds have?
Preen, Aural and Vent
Function of the preen gland
Produces an oily secretion for waterproofing, feather care and antimicrobrial/ antiparasite function
What happens if birds don’t groom properly
Vitamin D precursor not spread over feathers can lead to weak bones
Whya re ferrets at high risk of hypothermia
No sweat glands
Caudal gland
Found in guinea-pigs, influenced by hormones and used for territory marking
What 3 types of scent glands do rabbits have?
Chin, Inguinal and Anal
Which glands do fish have?
Mucus glands
