Skin glands (functions)

Question 1

What are the two basic types of skin glands?

Answer 1

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands

Question 2

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 2

Eccrine and Apocrine

Question 3

What is the structure of sebaceous glands

Answer 3

has a lobed (acinar) structure

Question 4

What do sebaceous glands produce?

Answer 4

fatty/ oily sebum (lanolin in sheep)

Question 5

What are the functions of the sebum?

Answer 5

moisture and waterproof the skin, antimicrobial, allow sweat to spread, pheromones or other scented compounds

Question 6

Circumoral glands

Answer 6

around the mouth, used for scent marking and greeting

Question 7

Horn glands

Answer 7

Found in goats, more productive during breeding season in males

Question 8

Infraorbital pouch glands

Answer 8

Found above the eyes in sheep (modified sebaceous gland)

Question 9

Interdigital pouch (sheep)

Answer 9

Used for trail marking

Question 10

Glands of the inguinal region

Answer 10

Helps lands find the udder, just inside the groin

Question 11

Preputial glands

Answer 11

Found in the boar

Question 12

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 12

Discharge albuminous sweat into hair follicles, found all over the body and react with bacteria to produce an odour

Question 13

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 13

Discharge more watery sweat directly onto the skin, found in more specific areas such as the footpad

Question 14

How is sweat secreted from Apopcrine sweat glands?

Answer 14

Vesicles pinch off from cells in packets to secrete cell membrane and cytoplasm

Question 15

How is sweat secreted from Eccrine Sweat Glands?

Answer 15

Merocrine secretion/ Exocytosis

Question 16

Mammary Glands

Answer 16

modified apocrine sweat glands (milk is protein rich)

Question 17

What is the function of Mammary glands?

Answer 17

Colostrum contains antibodies, important for immune transfer

Question 18

What are Mammary glands made up from?

Answer 18

body (mammae) and a teat, collections of mammary glands are called udders- each gland contains one or more secretory units

Question 19

Supernumerary teats

Answer 19

any teat that is in excess to the normal amount, usually develops from extra buds

Question 20

What produces milk?

Answer 20

Mammary cuboidal epithelial cells that line the alveoli

Question 21

Alveoli are…

Answer 21

grouped into lobules and separated by connective tissue

Question 22

Lobules are…

Answer 22

Grouped into lobes and separated by Adipose tissue

Question 23

myoepithelial cells

Answer 23

muscle cells that surround alveoli and push milk out of the alveolus

Question 24

Intralobular ducts

Answer 24

drains the alveolus

Question 25

interlobular ducts

Answer 25

outside of the lobule

Question 26

lactiferous sinus

Answer 26

Where milk is stored (teat sinus and gland sinus)

Question 27

Function of smooth muscle sphincter

Answer 27

Prevents the leakage of milk

Question 28

Let down

Answer 28

When the myoepithelial cells contract and relax the taet sphincter muscle

Question 29

mucosal fold

Answer 29

marks the transition between gland and teat sinus

Question 30

When are mammary glands fully developed?

Answer 30

at the height of lactation, full size and function during pregnancy

Question 31

Keratin plug

Answer 31

During the dry period, stops material getting in

Question 32

median suspensory ligament

Answer 32

separates left and right side, has elasticity

Question 33

lateral suspensory ligaments

Answer 33

hold the outside of the glands

Question 34

How do birds lose heat?

Answer 34

respiratory evaporative cooling and the skin (vasodilation)

Question 35

Lipogenic epidermis

Answer 35

deposits lipid film onto feathers

Question 36

What 3 sebaceous glands do birds have?

Answer 36

Preen, Aural and Vent

Question 37

Function of the preen gland

Answer 37

Produces an oily secretion for waterproofing, feather care and antimicrobrial/ antiparasite function

Question 38

What happens if birds don't groom properly

Answer 38

Vitamin D precursor not spread over feathers can lead to weak bones

Question 39

Whya re ferrets at high risk of hypothermia

Answer 39

No sweat glands

Question 40

Caudal gland

Answer 40

Found in guinea-pigs, influenced by hormones and used for territory marking

Question 41

What 3 types of scent glands do rabbits have?

Answer 41

Chin, Inguinal and Anal

Question 42

Which glands do fish have?

Answer 42

Mucus glands