GI Tract, Species Comparison- Horses, Pigs and Rabbits

Question 1

What is the implication of horses having an oesophagus lumen that narrows at the thoracic inlet

Answer 1

this predisposes them to choking

Question 2

What is the nerve supply of the oesophagus in horses?

Answer 2

The vagus nerve,

Question 3

What is the epithelium structure of the oesophagus in horses

Answer 3

Stratified squamous and it is keratinised

Question 4

Where do you enter after the oesophagus?

Answer 4

The stomach

Question 5

What does ‘composite stomach mean’

Answer 5

Has both glandular and non-glandular regions

Question 6

Margo plicatus

Answer 6

separates the glandular and non-glandular regions

Question 7

Which side of the stomach is more rough

Answer 7

non-glandular side

Question 8

Why Can’t horses vomit?

Answer 8

strong sphincters, allow gas in but not back out

Question 9

What does the Fundic gland region contain?

Answer 9

gastric pits, columnar epithelium and surface mucous cells

Question 10

Where are columnar epithelium usually found?

Answer 10

In areas of high acidity (stomach)

Question 11

What is the role of the mesentry?

Answer 11

to keep the duodenum and small intestine in place

Question 12

What is a potential problem for the mesentry?

Answer 12

can become twisted

Question 13

How are the illeum and caecum connected?

Answer 13

illeum is terminated at the ileal papillae and then leads to the caecum

Question 14

Caecum

Answer 14

made up of three parts, base, body and apex- it is where fermentation takes place

Question 15

What are some adaptations of the Large intestine/

Answer 15

contains bands or Taeniae- longitudinal smooth muscle cords on the caecum and segments of the colon

Question 16

Sacculation

Answer 16

found on the large intestine, increases surface area and prolongs retention time

Question 17

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 17

Duodenum, ileum and the jejunum

Question 18

Fundic gland region

Answer 18

tubes found in the fundus of the stomach, contain 2 or more tubes that open into a single duct

Question 19

Duodenum

Answer 19

first part of the small intestine, very mobile and associated with the mesentry

Question 20

What are the 3 parts of the coecum?

Answer 20

Base, Body and the Apex

Question 21

What are the parts of the Large intestine?

Answer 21

Cecum, Colon and the rectum

Question 22

How many bands does the coecum and ventral colon have?

Answer 22

4

Question 23

How many bands does the right dorsal colon have?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

What are the 3 parts of the colon?

Answer 24

Descending, Ascending and Transverse

Question 25

What is the most modified part of the colon?

Answer 25

Descending

Question 26

What are the parts of the Ascending colon?

Answer 26

RVC, sternal flexure, LVC, pelvic flexure, LDC, diaphragmatic flexure, RDC

Question 27

Rugae

Answer 27

folds in the stomach lining

Question 28

What is the function of the pyloric gland?

Answer 28

Secretes a mucus which coats the stomach and prevents it from destroying itself

Question 29

Fundic gland

Answer 29

Produces most of the stomach acid

Question 30

Pylorus

Answer 30

muscular valve that holds food in stomach

Question 31

Saccus Cecus

Answer 31

begisn digestion/ releases enzymes- furthest part from the oesophagus

Question 32

Nepro-splenic ligament

Answer 32

attaches the spleen and kidney together

Question 33

Diverticulum

Question 34

Colon in pigs

Answer 34

3D Shaped, coils around mesentry

Question 35

What organs are found on the left hand side of the horse?

Answer 35

Most of the small intestine, and the stomach

Question 36

What organs are found on the right hand side of the horse?

Answer 36

The caecum

Question 37

What lines the colon in the pig?

Answer 37

Mucosal surface is relatively flat and not lined with villi

Question 38

What is found on the left hand side of the pig?

Answer 38

The caecum (and the spleen is connected to the greater curvature of the stomach)

Question 39

What kind of stomach do rabbits have?

Answer 39

Thin walled and simple, with well-developed sphincters so they cannot vomit

Question 40

What adaptation makes rabbits agile?

Answer 40

They have a rapid digestion of food

Question 41

sacculus rotundus

Answer 41

junction between the illeum, caecum and colon

Question 42

Small intestine in rabbits

Answer 42

Shorter than in other animals, Pylorus and duodenum can be easily compressed

Question 43

Ileolic valve

Answer 43

Controls movement of ingesta from the illeum into the sacculus

Question 44

Caecum in rabbits

Answer 44

Most prominent organ, where all the fermentation occurs (full of lymphoid tissue)

Question 45

Fusus coli (in pigs)

Answer 45

Acts as a pacemaker to control digestion

Question 46

Cecotrophy

Answer 46

Reingesting nutrients from intestinal contents

Question 47

Which part of the stomach does the oesophagus enter?

Answer 47

The cardia region

Question 48

caecocolic orifice

Answer 48

sphincter between the caecum and the ascending colon