The subjunctive 02 Flashcards
Use 1?
to express hope or wishes
Clue 1 where does the subjunctive appear in sentence?
in the subordinate clause not the main clause
No te irás a dormir sin que te tomes tus medicinas. Why the subjunctive?
Main verb in future and intro’d by sin que, “You are not going to bed without taking your medicine.”
What key phrases are clues to use subjunctive for subjective reaction? (6)
Alegrarse de que, sentir que, es bueno/malo que, es una lástima que, es increíble que, qué suerte que
Es una lástima que perdieran el partido en el último minuto. Why subjunctive?
Speaker’s subjective reaction, “It’s a shame they lost the match in the last minute.”
Estamos hartos de que siempre mientas. Why subjunctive?
Talking about feelings, “We are sick of you always lying.
Es increíble que ganaran el partido en el último minuto. Why subjunctive?
Speaker’s subjective reaction, “It’s unbelievable that they won the match in the last minute.”
How use the subjunctive in unrealised or hypothetical situations?
When the main verb is in the future tense and the relative clause is introduced by one of 6 conjunctions, always use a subjunctive verb in the relative clause.
Los dos vestidos son muy bonitos. Compra el que a ti más te guste. Why use the subjunctive?
talking about a fact don’t have power to decide, “Both dresses are nice. Buy whichever you like the most.”
what is the featured vowel for -ar verbs?
It is “e” ie where expect an a in the ending get an e
beber past imperfect subjunctive conjugated …
yo beb-iera o beb-iese, tu beb-ieras o beb-ieses, el, ella, usted beb-iera o beb-iese, nosotros beb-iéramos o beb-iésemos, vosotros beb-ierais o beb-ieseis, ellos, ellas, ustedes beb-ieran o beb-iesen
vivir past imperfect subjunctive conjugated …
yo viv-iera o viv-iese, tu viv-ieras o viv-ieses, el,ella,usted viv-iera o viv-iese, nosotros viv-iéramos o viv-iésemos, vosotros viv-ierais o viv-ieseis, ellos, ellas, ustedes viv-ieran o viv-iesen
Have a nice day! (main clause PLUS subordinate clause)
Espero que tengas un buen día.
¡Cuidado! No pises ahí.
Watch out! Don’t step there.
What are the 6 subjunctive tenses?
Present, past and future indicative and perfect for all 3. eg Presente Pretérito, Perfecto Compuesto, Pretérito Imperfecto, Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto, Futuro Imperfecto, Futuro Perfecto
What are 6 key words re future intentions which flag the use of the subjunctive?
Pedir que, Decir que, Sugerir que, Aconsejar que, Mandar que, Insistir en que.
What key phrases are clues to use subjunctive when talking about feelings? (2)
Estar+adjetivo+(de) que, Tener miedo de que
Antes de que compremos un perro, tienes que prometer que lo cuidarás. Why the subjunctive?
Main verb in future and intro’d by antes de que, “Before we buy a dog, you have to promise that you’ll take care of him.”
Use 6?
To talk about, or express, a decision depends on another person and to express commands*. Note - the subjunctive is NOT used to express commands, the imperative is.
Mis padres trabajan mucho para que yo tenga todo lo que necesito. Why the subjunctive?
Future outcome of present event, “My parents work a lot so that I have everything I need.”
Use 5?
To talk about, or express, the future outcome of a present event.
Espero que lleguéis a tiempo a comer con nosotros.
I hope you can arrive on time to have lunch with us.
Erica tiene miedo de que su hijo se caiga y se haga daño en el parque, por eso siempre está vigilándole, Why subjunctive?
Talking about feelings, “Erica is afraid that her child falls and hurts himself in the park, that’s why she’s always watching him.”
El profesor siempre nos pide que leamos la lección antes de ir a clase. Why subjunctive used?
Want to REQUEST something to someone, “The professor always ask us to read the lesson before going to class”
Me alegro de que consiguieras un nuevo trabajo. Why subjunctive?
Speaker’s subjective reaction, “I’m so happy you got a new job.”
El gobierno ha ampliado las fuerzas del orden a fin de que las calles sean más seguras. Why the subjunctive?
Future outcome of present event, “The government has expanded the security forces so that the streets are safe”
Caminaremos hasta que nos cansemos. Why the subjunctive?
Future outcome of present event, “We will walk until we get tired.”
El físico busca una fórmula que solucione el teorema en el que trabaja. Why subjunctive?
Because making an hypothesis or talking about unrealised events, “The physicist seeks a formula that solves the theorem in which he’s working.”
He comprado este teclado para que puedas teclear más fácilmente.
I have bought this keyboard so you can type easily.
vivir future imperfect subjunctive conjugated …
yo viv-iere, tu viv-ieres, el, ella, usted viv-iere, nosotros viv-iéremos, vosotros viv-iereis, ellos, ellas, ustedes viv-ieren
Llámame cuando tengas un momento
call me when you get a chance
El profesor nos ha sugerido que practiquemos español fuera de clase. Why subjunctive used?
Want to SUGGEST something to someone, “The professor has suggested us to practice Spanish outside the class.”
El profesor nos ha pedido que hagamos los deberes de la lección 5
The teacher has asked us that we do lesson 5 for homework.
Which feelings do you use the subjunctive to talk about?
Feelings that you are presently feeling
Me alegro de que a tu hermano le vaya todo bien en Irlanda.
I’m glad that everything is going well with your brother in Ireland.
Te aconsejo que no camines sola por la noche en esta ciudad.
I advise you not to walk by yourself at night in this city.
Queremos un empleado que hable inglés, francés y alemán. Why subjunctive?
Because making an hypothesis or talking about unrealised events, “We want an employee who speaks English, French, and German.”
I wish you a Merry Christmas! (just subjunctive)
¡Que pases una Feliz Navidad!
beber present subjunctive conjugated …
yo beb-a, tu beb-as, el, ella, usted beb-a, nosotros beb-amos, vosotros beb-áis, ellos, ellas, ustedes beb-an
Llámame cuando no estés ocupado. Why use the subjunctive?
talking about a fact don’t have power to decide, “Call me when you are not busy.”
Llegué a casa cuando tus padres estaban durmiendo. Why NOT subjunctive?
Main verb NOT in future and intro’s by cuando, “I got home when your parents were sleeping.”
(i) pedir que, (iii) decir que,
(iii) sugerir que, (iv) aconsejar que,
(v) mandar que, (vi) Insistir en que
- why these verbs flag use of subjunctive?
(I) request(ing) that, (ii) say(ing) that
(iii) suggest(ing) that, (iv) advise/recommend that
(v) command/direct that (vi) insist that
- talking about future intentions
(i) en cuanto, (ii) mientras, (iii) antes de que
- what are they?
- why flag subj?
(i) once, as soon as, the moment that
(ii) as long as, (iii) before
- conjunctions
- talking about unrealised situations
(i) a menos que, (ii) con tal que, (iii) without
- what are they?
- why flag subj?
(I) unless, (ii) as long as, (iii) without
- conjunctions
- talking about unrealised situations
