Impersonal Forms - Gerund 02 Flashcards
- Marisa, viendo lo que ocurría, se marchó.
2. Use 2 (as an adverb re way s.th happening)
- Marisa, seeing what was happening, left.
2. What use?
to refer to something which happened in the past
What is incorrect gerund use 1?
change the gerund for “y + indicative verb”.
How fix Incorrect Gerund use 1? (refer s.th in past)
- Incorrect use 1 (refer s.th in past)
- Se conocieron en la universidad y se casaron después de graduarse.
- “They met in college and got married after they graduated.”
- Se conocieron en la universidad, casándose después de graduarse. Why is this gerund use incorrect?
- correct the sentence?
- What does the sentence mean?
when used to express effect or consequence
What is incorrect gerund use 2?
change the gerund for a consecutive connector (por lo cual, por tanto,…) + an indicative verb.
How to fix incorrect use of gerund 2? (to express effect or consequence)
- Incorrect use 2 (to express effect or consequence)
- La furgoneta no tenía frenos por lo cual se volcó al tomar la curva.
- “The van didn’t have brakes so it knocked over when it took the curve.”
- La furgoneta no tenía frenos, volcándose al tomar la curva. Is the use of the gerund correct? Why is this gerund use incorrect?
2 Correct the sentence? - What does the sentence mean?
when put the gerund subject to a preposition
What is incorrect gerund use 3?
correct this mistake by:
- using a circumstantial connector (mientras, cuando, como) or
- by placing an absolute gerund (without preposition) at the beginning of the sentence.
How to fix incorrect use of gerund 3? (making gerund subject to a preposition)
- Incorrect use 3 (making gerund subj to a prep)
2a. Mientras el profesor da clase, no podemos salir del aula.
2b. Dando clase el profesor, no podemos salir del aula. - “While the professor is teaching, we cannot leave the classroom.”
- Con el profesor dando clase, no podemos salir del aula. Why is this gerund use incorrect?
2 Correct the sentence? (2 possibilities) - What does the sentence mean?
Gerundio sustituto de una oración de relative. Adjetivo o especificativo:
What is incorrect gerund use 4?
correct this mistake by changing the gerund for a defining sentence introduced by a relative pronoun (que+indicative verb).
How to fix incorrect use of gerund 4?
- Incorrect use 4. (fix by que + indicative verb)
- Son muchas las llamadas que piden la repetición del programa.
- There are many calls asking for the repetition of the TV show.”
- Son muchas las llamadas pidiendo la repetición del programa. Why is this gerund use incorrect?
2 Correct the sentence. - What does the sentence mean?
Gerundio sustituto de una oración de relative. Partitivo
What is incorrect gerund use 5?
correct this mistake by changing the gerund for a portative connector (de los/las cuales) + an indicative verb.
How to fix incorrect use of gerund 5?
- Incorrect gerund use 5 (fix by portative connector + indicative verb).
- Hay una veintena de países hispanohablantes, de los cuales México es el más poblado.
- ” There’s about twenty Spanish-speaking countries, of which Mexico is the most populated”
- Hay una veintena de países hispanohablantes, siendo México el más poblado. Why is this gerund use incorrect?
2 Correct the sentence. - What does the sentence mean?
- Estar + gerundio (with an action that lasts in time)
- Ir + gerundio (action has a lasting affect in time)
- Andar + gerundio (action has a lasting affect in time)
- Continuar + gerundio (action has a lasting affect in time)
- Seguir + gerundio (action has a lasting affect in time)
- Llevar + gerundio (action has a lasting affect in time)
- Salir + gerundio (expresses the beginning of an action)
What are the 7 gerund periphrasis?
- Rosa está lavándose la cabeza.
2. estar + gerundio = action that lasts in time
- Rosa IS washing her hair.
2. What gerund periphrasis (of 7) and why?
- Voy caminando por la calle mayor. Llegaré ahí en unos minutos.
- ir + gerundio = action has lasting effect in time
- I’m walking on the main street. I’ll be there in a few minute
- What gerund periphrasis (of 7) and why?
- Adela anda diciendo que le has robado su móvil.
2. andar + gerundio = action has a lasting effect in time
- Adela KEEPS saying that you stole her cell phone.
2. What gerund periphrasis (of 7) and why?
- Jorge continúa pensando que tu idea no es apropiada para la reunión.
- continuar + gerundio = action has lasting effect in time
- Jorge STILL thinks that your idea is not appropriate to bring up at the meeting.
- What gerund periphrasis (of 7) and why?
- Javier sigue leyendo el mismo libro desde hace cuatro meses.
- seguir + gerundio = action has a lasting effect in time
- Javier HAS BEEN reading the same book for the last four months.
- What gerund periphrasis (of 7) and why?
- Los niños llevan jugando a la consola todo el día.
2. llevar + gerundio = action has a lasting effect in time
- The kids HAVE BEEN playing videogames all day.
2. What gerund periphrasis (of 7) and why?
- Amanda salió diciendo que su amigo tenía mucho dinero cuando era mentira
- salir + gerundio = the beginning of an action
- Amanda SAID THAT her friend had a lot of money when it wasn’t true
- What gerund periphrasis (of 7) and why?
