Impersonal Forms - The Infinitive 01 Flashcards
- Le oí decir que se había copiado las respuestas del examen.
- Following a verb of perception (Use 3)
- I heard him saying that he had copied the answers on the exam.
- Why infinitive?
- Prefiero tomar té en vez de café.
2. The subject of the conjugated verb (yo prefiero) is the same as that of the infinitive (tomar) ie tea (Use 2)
- I prefer to have tea instead of coffee.
2. Why using the imperative?
- No la dejes correr sola por el parque. Ponle la correa o morderá a alguien.
- Direct obj + dejar + inf (Use 4(2))
- Don’t let her run free around the park. Put her on the leash or she will bite someone.
- Why using the imperative?
- Quiere adoptar un perro de la perrera.
- Cos the subject of the conjugated verb (él quiere) is the same as that of the infinitive (él adopta) ie the dog (use 2)
- He wants to adopt a dog from the dog pound.
2. Why using the imperative?
- El rey Saurid mandó crear las pirámides de Guiza. (mandó que crearan)
- verb of command + inf (Use 4, circ 1)
- The king Saurid ordered the Giza pyramids to be built.
2. Why using the imperative?
- Yo quería más pastel. ¿Por qué lo has tirado?
- Pues haber dicho algo. Ahora es demasiado tarde.
2. Referring to s.th which happened earlier which the person should have done ie perfect infinitive
- I wanted more cake. Why did you throw it away?
- You should have said something. Now it’s too late!
2. Why using the infinitive?
- Abrir envase. Colocar la pizza en el horno. Cocinar durante 35 minutos.
- instructions (Use 5 (1))
- Open package. Put pizza on oven rack. Cook for 35 minutes.
- Why using the imperative?
- ¿Por qué no comprar dos y pagar sólo uno?
2. Advertising
- Why not buy two and pay for just for one?
2. Why infinitive?
- Le vi correr detrás del ladrón
2. Following a verb of perception (Use 3)
- I saw him chasing the thief.
2. Why using the imperative?
- Tengo la impresión de tener demasiada ropa.
2. The infinitive is a “noun modifier” (Use 1 (3))
- I have the feeling that I have too many clothes.
2. Why using the imperative?
- No fumar.
2. sign (Use 5 (1))
- No smoking
2. Why using the imperative?
- Se fue sin decir adiós.
2. prep + fin = Xing in English
- He left without saying goodbye.
2. Why using the imperative?
Infinitive is used as noun + noun is subject of sentence (Use 1(2))
When can you add “el” in front of infinitive?
- Sufre crisis difíciles de controlar.
2. The infinitive is a “noun modifier” (Use 1 (3))
- He suffers crises that are hard to control.
2. Why using the imperative?
- Creía haber contestado bien todas las preguntas del test.
- Perfect imperative = s.th happened earlier + should have done s.th (recrimination)
- I thought I had answered right all the questions on the test.
- Why using the imperative?
- When haber is in the infinitive?
- To refer to s.th which had happened before (ie anteriority in time) + convey a sense of recrimination(to the listener) for not doing something he should have.
- What is the perfect infinitive?
2. When do you use it?
”- ing” something ie the gerund
What is the English equivalent of preposition + infinitive?
subject of the conjugated verb + the subject of the infinitive = the same.
In this circumstance the infinitive is used as the direct object.
What is Use 2?
- conjug verb of perception + infinitive
2. oír, ver, or sentir.
- What is Use 3?
2. What 3 verbs?
You can replace it with the direct object pronouns lo,la,los,las.
What can you do when the infinitive is also the direct object?
- Prefiero levanterme temprano por la mañana.
2. wish verb + inf (Use 6)
- I prefer to wake up early in the mornings.
2. Why is the infinitive used?
- Los dos países están lejos de llegar a un acuerdo. What is the use of the infinitive here?
- It’s being used as an adverb modifier (Use 1 (3))
- Both countries are far from reaching an agreement.
2. Why is the infinitive used?
- (El) beber un vaso de vino tinto al día es bueno para el corazón.
- It is a noun + El as is the subject of the sentence
- Drinking one glass of wine a day is good for your heart.
2. Why is the infinitive used?
As an imperative in
(i) instructions,
(ii) signs and
(iii) advertising
What is use 5? (3)
direct object + dejar + infinitive direct object + hacer + infinitive direct object + invitar a + infinitive direct object + obligar a + infinitive Used as a substitute to the subjunctive
What is Use 4, circumstance 2? (1 structure + 4 vbs)
When is it used?
- No pasar.
2. It is a sign or instruction (Use 5)
- Do not cross.
2. Why is the infinitive used?
with 3 verbs of influence - prohibir, mandar, or autorizar
Used as a substitute to the subjunctive
What is Use 4, circumstance 1? (3 vbs)
When is it used?
Conj verb of wish + inf conj querer + inf conj preferir + inf conj desear + inf conj gustar + inf
What is use 6? (4)
- Quiero ir
2. wish verb + inf (Use 6)
- I want to go.
2. Why using infinitive?
- Me gusta venir aquí.
2. wish verb + inf (Use 6)
- I like coming here.
2. Why using infinitive?
Verbs which are always followed by infinitive: (Use 7)
- acabar de + inf
- acostumbrar a/soler + inf
- deber/tener que + inf
- dejar de + inf
- empezar/comenzar a + inf
- enseñar + inf
- ir a + inf
- ofrecer + inf
Verbs which are always followed by infinitive: (Use 7)
- to have just + inf
- to be in the habit of (ie usually) + inf
- to have to + inf
- to give/stop + inf
- to start + inf
- to teach to + inf
- to go to + inf
- to offer + inf
- Tengo mucho que hacer
2. Cos inf always follows tener que (Use 7)
- I have much to do.
2. Why using the infinitive?
- Dejaré de fumar
2. Cos inf always follows dejar de (Use 7)
- I will stop smoking.
2. Why using the infinitive?
Verbs denoting ability of capacity
- poder (to be able to, can)
- saber (to know how to)
What is use 8?
- No puedo hacerlo.
2. conj ability verb + inf (Use 8)
- I can’t do it.
2. Why using the infinitive?
- Ella no sabe nadar.
2. conj ability verb + inf (Use 8)
- She doesn’t know how to swim.
2. Why using the infinitive?
