Impersonal forms - Past Participle 01 Flashcards
Use 1. what is the main purpose of the past participle?
is to form the perfect tenses together with the auxiliar verb “haber” (to have, as an auxiliary verb)
How many perfect tenses are there?
Four
What are the perfect tenses?
present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, conditional perfect
he comprado. What tense?
present perfect, “I have bought”
habíamos/hubimos cantado. What tense?
past perfect, “I had bought”
habrán comido. What tense?
future perfect, “They will have eaten.”
habrías bebido. What tense?
conditional perfect, “You would have drunk”
Use 2?
It can also work as an adjective. In this case, the adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun that modifies.
The injured man remains in the hospital.
El hombre accidentado continúa en el hospital.
The pregnant woman gave birth last night.
La mujer embarazada dio a luz anoche.
Students who have passed their exams have already finished classes.
Los alumnos aprobados ya han terminado las clases.
Use 3?
It can also work as an attribute with copulative verbs such as ser, estar, and parecer (verbs that by nature cannot take a direct object). [Copulative here means “connective”]
The cake is burnt.
El pastel está quemado.
This house seems neglected.
Esta casa parece muy descuidada.
Use 4?
To answer the question “¿cómo?” (how?).
After the trip, we got home tired. (Answering the question “¿cómo?” )
Llegamos a casa cansados después del viaje.
Use 5?
To answer the question “¿cuándo?” (when?).
After having said all he had to say, he left. (Answering the question “¿cuándo?”)
Dicho lo que tenía que decir, se marchó. (Después de decir lo que…)
Use 6?
To answer the question “¿por qué?” (why?).
Being happy with the results, the players celebrated the victory. (Answering the question por que?)
Muy contentos con el resultado, los jugadores celebraron la victoria
Use 7?
To answer the question “¿en qué caso?” (in what situation?).
Be careful! Once the package has been opened, it can’t be returned. (To answer the question in what situation?)
¡Cuidado! Una vez abierto el paquete, no se puede devolver.
Use 8?
It’s equivalent to “aunque” (although).
Although he was less diligent than the rest of students, he graduated first in his class
Menos aplicado que los demás alumnos, se graduó el primero de la clase. (Aunque era menos aplicado que…)
