The Senses

Question 1

What are the five human senses?

Answer 1

Touch, taste, smell, sigh, hearing

Question 2

What is the organ for touch?

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

What receptors does the skin contain?

Answer 3

Touch and temperature

Question 4

Name a location where the touch receptor is

Answer 4

Heel of the foot

Question 5

Name a location where you could find a temperature receptor

Answer 5

Elbow

Question 6

What is the organ of taste?

Answer 6

The tongue

Question 7

Where are the receptors for taste?

Answer 7

In taste buds

Question 8

What are the four basic taste receptors?

Answer 8

Sweet [at the tip]
Salt [at the sides near front]
Sour [sides near back]
Bitter [across back]

Question 9

How do tastes persist?

Answer 9

Due to substances dissolving and lodging in the grooves of taste buds

Question 10

What is the flavour of food?

Answer 10

It’s a combination of taste, smell, texture and temperature

Question 11

What is the organ of smell?

Answer 11

Nose

Question 12

What in the nose detects smell?

Answer 12

Olfactory neurones in nose

Question 13

What is the organ of sight?

Answer 13

Eye

Question 14

What is the function of the conjunctiva?

Answer 14

It’s a thin membrane protecting the sclera

Question 15

Function of sclera?

Answer 15

Holds the eye in shape

Question 16

What is the function of the cornea?

Answer 16

Focuses light on retina

Transparent part of sclera

Question 17

Function of choroid?

Answer 17

Ensures there’s no internal reflection of light inside eye

Question 18

How is the eye nourished?

Answer 18

Chorus has blood vessels

Question 19

How is light absorbed into the eye?

Answer 19

The choroid contains a black pigment [melanin]

Question 20

What is the function of the retina?

Answer 20

It is where the light receptors are located

Question 21

What are the differences between and rod and cones

Answer 21

Rods - detect black and white
Work in dim light 
Found all over retina
Cones - detect colours
Work in bright light 
Found at fovea

Question 22

What is the pigment in rods known as?

Answer 22

Rhodopsin

Question 23

Function of fovea?

Answer 23

Region of sharpest vision and most images are focused

Question 24

What is the blind spot?

Answer 24

No rods or cones and it is not sensitive to light

Question 25

Function of optic nerve?

Answer 25

Contains axons that carry impulses from the rods and cones to the back of the brain

Question 26

What is the function of the lens?

Answer 26

Focus light on retina | [changes shape]

Question 27

What is the function of the ciliary muscle?

Answer 27

Causes shape of lens to change when we look at near or far objects = accommodation

Question 28

What connects the ciliary muscle to the lens?

Answer 28

Suspensory ligaments

Question 29

What is the function of the iris?

Answer 29

Controls amount of light entering the eye

Question 30

What gives a person dark coloured eyes?

Answer 30

Pigmented with melanin

Question 31

Function of pupil

Answer 31

Let's light into the eye

Question 32

What is the aqueous humour?

Answer 32

Salt solution that holds the front of the eye in shape

Question 33

What is the vitreous humour?

Answer 33

Keep the eye in shape | Supports the eye by exerting an outward pressure on the eyeball

Question 34

What is the external muscle?

Answer 34

The eye is moved by the use of external muscles

Question 35

How does size of pupil increase or decrease

Answer 35

Bright light - decreases so less light will enter | Dim light - increases, more light will enter

Question 36

What is the organ of hearing?

Answer 36

The ear

Question 37

What are the functions of the ear?

Answer 37

Hearing and balance

Question 38

The ear is composed of three sections, what are they?

Answer 38

The outer, middle and inner ear

Question 39

What are the outer and middle ear filled with?

Answer 39

Air

Question 40

What is the inner ear filled with?

Answer 40

Lymph

Question 41

What is sound caused by?

Answer 41

Vibrations in the air

Question 42

How are vibrations collected?

Answer 42

By the outer ear, passed through the middle said where the vibrations are amplified and transferred to lymph in cochlea

Question 43

Function of pinna?

Answer 43

Collects sound

Question 44

Function of auditory canal?

Answer 44

Carries vibrations to the eardrum

Question 45

Function of wax?

Answer 45

Secreted out eardrum and traps dust particles which protects ear

Question 46

Function of eardrum

Answer 46

Separates outer ear from middle ear

Question 47

Function of ossicles

Answer 47

Three tiny bones in the middle ear Hammer, anvil and stirrup They transmit vibrations from outer to inner ear and amplify vibrations

Question 48

What is the smallest bone in the body?

Answer 48

The stirrup

Question 49

Function of Eustachian tube?

Answer 49

Not part of ear | equalises pressure = prevents damage to eardrum

Question 50

Function of cochlea?

Answer 50

Responsible for hearing = converts pressure waves into electrical impulses that travel to the brain

Question 51

How does the cochlea work?

Answer 51

Vibrations arrive at cochlea from stirrup and pass through oval window and form pressure waves in lymph The pressure waves stimulate receptors in cochlea and they cause electrical impulses to be sent to the brain.

Question 52

Where in the ear contains receptor cells?

Answer 52

Organ of corti contain receptor cells that allow hearing

Question 53

Where is balance detected?

Answer 53

In the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear

Question 54

What does the vestibular apparatus consist of?

Answer 54

Three semicircular canals

Question 55

What are the vestibular apparatus filled with?

Answer 55

Liquids and they have receptors located in different parts of vestibular apparatus which detect whether the head is vertical or not

Question 56

Receptors in semicircular canals

Answer 56

All send impulses to cerebellum of the brain through vestibular nerve

Question 57

Name a hearing disorder

Answer 57

Glue ear which is common in children

Question 58

How does glue ear occur?

Answer 58

Caused by surplus sticky fluid collecting in the middle ear

Question 59

What does the sticky fluid in glue ear do?

Answer 59

It prevents free movement of the eardrum and of small bones in the middle ear = some degree of deafness

Question 60

Correction for glue ear?

Answer 60

Mild cases - nose drops can be taken to decongest and unblock Eustachian tube Severe cases - Small tubes known as grommets are insisted into eardrum which forces fluid down Eustachian tube

Question 61

To which part of the body does the Eustachian tube link the ear?

Answer 61

Pharynx

Question 62

Name another part of the ear that has a similar function to that of the stirrup?

Answer 62

Hammer or anvil

Question 63

Why are there three semi-circular canals in each ear?

Answer 63

To control in 3 planes

Question 64

Name a part of the eye that has a corresponding function to cochlea in ear

Answer 64

Retina - both contain receptors

Question 65

Name the structure that determines the diameter of the pupil

Answer 65

Iris

Question 66

Why is there a mechanism to change the diameter of pupil

Answer 66

To control the amount of light entering eye

Question 67

Certain parts of the eye are transparent and have curved surface, name two

Answer 67

Cornea, lens | Both focus light on retina

Question 68

How does the curvature contribute to functioning of eye

Answer 68

Bend light

Question 69

Why are the eyes of carnivores located relatively close to eachother?

Answer 69

Better focus on prey

Question 70

Why are eyes of herbivores located more to the side of the skull?

Answer 70

Better detection of predators

Question 71

What is the function of cones?

Answer 71

Detects colour

Question 72

How does the iris work?

Answer 72

Changes size of pupil

Question 73

Why are two eyes better than one?

Answer 73

Increased visual field