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Biology > The Senses > Flashcards

The Senses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the five human senses?

A

Touch, taste, smell, sigh, hearing

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2
Q

What is the organ for touch?

A

Skin

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3
Q

What receptors does the skin contain?

A

Touch and temperature

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4
Q

Name a location where the touch receptor is

A

Heel of the foot

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5
Q

Name a location where you could find a temperature receptor

A

Elbow

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6
Q

What is the organ of taste?

A

The tongue

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7
Q

Where are the receptors for taste?

A

In taste buds

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8
Q

What are the four basic taste receptors?

A

Sweet [at the tip]
Salt [at the sides near front]
Sour [sides near back]
Bitter [across back]

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9
Q

How do tastes persist?

A

Due to substances dissolving and lodging in the grooves of taste buds

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10
Q

What is the flavour of food?

A

It’s a combination of taste, smell, texture and temperature

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11
Q

What is the organ of smell?

A

Nose

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12
Q

What in the nose detects smell?

A

Olfactory neurones in nose

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13
Q

What is the organ of sight?

A

Eye

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14
Q

What is the function of the conjunctiva?

A

It’s a thin membrane protecting the sclera

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15
Q

Function of sclera?

A

Holds the eye in shape

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16
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

Focuses light on retina

Transparent part of sclera

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17
Q

Function of choroid?

A

Ensures there’s no internal reflection of light inside eye

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18
Q

How is the eye nourished?

A

Chorus has blood vessels

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19
Q

How is light absorbed into the eye?

A

The choroid contains a black pigment [melanin]

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20
Q

What is the function of the retina?

A

It is where the light receptors are located

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21
Q

What are the differences between and rod and cones

A 
Rods - detect black and white
Work in dim light 
Found all over retina
Cones - detect colours
Work in bright light 
Found at fovea
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22
Q

What is the pigment in rods known as?

A

Rhodopsin

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23
Q

Function of fovea?

A

Region of sharpest vision and most images are focused

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24
Q

What is the blind spot?

A

No rods or cones and it is not sensitive to light

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25
Q

Function of optic nerve?

A

Contains axons that carry impulses from the rods and cones to the back of the brain

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26
Q

What is the function of the lens?

A

Focus light on retina

[changes shape]

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27
Q

What is the function of the ciliary muscle?

A

Causes shape of lens to change when we look at near or far objects = accommodation

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28
Q

What connects the ciliary muscle to the lens?

A

Suspensory ligaments

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29
Q

What is the function of the iris?

A

Controls amount of light entering the eye

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30
Q

What gives a person dark coloured eyes?

A

Pigmented with melanin

31
Q

Function of pupil

A

Let’s light into the eye

32
Q

What is the aqueous humour?

A

Salt solution that holds the front of the eye in shape

33
Q

What is the vitreous humour?

A

Keep the eye in shape

Supports the eye by exerting an outward pressure on the eyeball

34
Q

What is the external muscle?

A

The eye is moved by the use of external muscles

35
Q

How does size of pupil increase or decrease

A

Bright light - decreases so less light will enter

Dim light - increases, more light will enter

36
Q

What is the organ of hearing?

A

The ear

37
Q

What are the functions of the ear?

A

Hearing and balance

38
Q

The ear is composed of three sections, what are they?

A

The outer, middle and inner ear

39
Q

What are the outer and middle ear filled with?

A

Air

40
Q

What is the inner ear filled with?

A

Lymph

41
Q

What is sound caused by?

A

Vibrations in the air

42
Q

How are vibrations collected?

A

By the outer ear, passed through the middle said where the vibrations are amplified and transferred to lymph in cochlea

43
Q

Function of pinna?

A

Collects sound

44
Q

Function of auditory canal?

A

Carries vibrations to the eardrum

45
Q

Function of wax?

A

Secreted out eardrum and traps dust particles which protects ear

46
Q

Function of eardrum

A

Separates outer ear from middle ear

47
Q

Function of ossicles

A

Three tiny bones in the middle ear
Hammer, anvil and stirrup
They transmit vibrations from outer to inner ear and amplify vibrations

48
Q

What is the smallest bone in the body?

A

The stirrup

49
Q

Function of Eustachian tube?

A

Not part of ear

equalises pressure = prevents damage to eardrum

50
Q

Function of cochlea?

A

Responsible for hearing = converts pressure waves into electrical impulses that travel to the brain

51
Q

How does the cochlea work?

A

Vibrations arrive at cochlea from stirrup and pass through oval window and form pressure waves in lymph
The pressure waves stimulate receptors in cochlea and they cause electrical impulses to be sent to the brain.

52
Q

Where in the ear contains receptor cells?

A

Organ of corti contain receptor cells that allow hearing

53
Q

Where is balance detected?

A

In the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear

54
Q

What does the vestibular apparatus consist of?

A

Three semicircular canals

55
Q

What are the vestibular apparatus filled with?

A

Liquids and they have receptors located in different parts of vestibular apparatus which detect whether the head is vertical or not

56
Q

Receptors in semicircular canals

A

All send impulses to cerebellum of the brain through vestibular nerve

57
Q

Name a hearing disorder

A

Glue ear which is common in children

58
Q

How does glue ear occur?

A

Caused by surplus sticky fluid collecting in the middle ear

59
Q

What does the sticky fluid in glue ear do?

A

It prevents free movement of the eardrum and of small bones in the middle ear = some degree of deafness

60
Q

Correction for glue ear?

A

Mild cases - nose drops can be taken to decongest and unblock Eustachian tube
Severe cases - Small tubes known as grommets are insisted into eardrum which forces fluid down Eustachian tube

61
Q

To which part of the body does the Eustachian tube link the ear?

A

Pharynx

62
Q

Name another part of the ear that has a similar function to that of the stirrup?

A

Hammer or anvil

63
Q

Why are there three semi-circular canals in each ear?

A

To control in 3 planes

64
Q

Name a part of the eye that has a corresponding function to cochlea in ear

A

Retina - both contain receptors

65
Q

Name the structure that determines the diameter of the pupil

A

Iris

66
Q

Why is there a mechanism to change the diameter of pupil

A

To control the amount of light entering eye

67
Q

Certain parts of the eye are transparent and have curved surface, name two

A

Cornea, lens

Both focus light on retina

68
Q

How does the curvature contribute to functioning of eye

A

Bend light

69
Q

Why are the eyes of carnivores located relatively close to eachother?

A

Better focus on prey

70
Q

Why are eyes of herbivores located more to the side of the skull?

A

Better detection of predators

71
Q

What is the function of cones?

A

Detects colour

72
Q

How does the iris work?

A

Changes size of pupil

73
Q

Why are two eyes better than one?

A

Increased visual field

Biology (36 decks)

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