Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Monera > Flashcards

Monera Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are monera prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does monera reproduce?

A

Asexual - binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain binary fission

A

When the bacterium cell gets to a certain size, the DNA strand replicates
2 identical strands
The cell grows and elongates and the cell splits = 2 similar sized cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are monera single celled or unicellular?

A

Single celled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the cell walls of monera made up of?

A

Sugars and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nutrition of monera

A

Heterotrophic and autotrophic

[saprophytic, parasitic, chemosynthetic and photosynthetic]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do endospores form?

A

The chromosome replicated and the new strand is enclosed by an endospore that was formed inside the parent plant
Parent cell breaks down and the endospore remains dormant
When conditions are suitable, endospore absorbs water and walls break down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is sometimes present in a monera cell

A

Capsule
Mesosome
Plasmid
Flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of mesosomes?

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of plasmid?

A

Contains genes responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Prevents swelling and bursting in solution less concentrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the flagellum?

A

Bacterial movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a saprophytic bacteria?

A

Bacteria that feed on dead matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is parasitic bacteria?

A

It’s a bacteria that lives on a live host and causes harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are photosynthetic bacteria and give an example

A

Bacteria that use light to make food eg, purple sulfur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are chemosynthetic bacteria and give an example?

A

Bacteria that use energy from chemical reactions to make food eg, nitrifying bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an economic benefit of bacteria?

A

Lactobacillus

Genetically modified such as e.coli = make drugs and insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Economic disadvantage of bacteria?

A

Cause diseases eg, bacteria that cause cholera

Food decay - lactobacillus turns milk sour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three types of bacteria and give examples?

A

Round - coccus - pneumonia and sore throat
Rod - bacillus - TB and Tetanus
Spiral - spirillum - syphilis and cholera

20
Q

How do bacteria evolve resistant to new antibiotics?

A

Short life cycle + fast rate of reproduction

21
Q

Potential abuse of antibiotics

A

Overuse

Failure to complete treatment allow bacteria to survive and grow

22
Q

What is batch culture?

A

Fixed amount of sterile nutrient is added to micro organisms in bio reactor
Micro organisms go through lag, log, stationary phases
Nutrients are used up and the product is formed
Product is made at log or stationary stage and stopped before decline stage

23
Q

What is continuous flow?

A

Nutrients added continuously [at all times] and at the same time the culture medium [with micro organisms] are withdrawn continuously. Maintained at log phase and the product formed all ten time for a long period of time

24
Q

What is the difference between asepsis and sterility?

A

Asepsis - free of pathogens

Sterility - free of micro-organisms

25
Q

What is the optimum temp and ph for bacteria?

A

Temperature - 20-30 degrees

Ph - most neutral ph

25
Q

What are aerobic bacteria and give an example

A

Require oxygen for respiration eg, streptococcus

26
Q

What are anaerobic bacteria and give an example

A

Doesn’t require oxygen to respire

Clostridium

27
Q

What are facultative bacteria and give an example

A

Can respire with or without bacteria eg, e.coli

28
Q

What are obligate anaerobes and give an example

A

Can only respire in absence of oxygen eg, clostridium tetani [causes tetanus]

29
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Chemicals produced by micro-organisms that stop the growth of, or kill other micro organisms without damaging human tissue

30
Q

What is the lag phase?

A

Bacteria are adapting to new environment, little if any increase

31
Q

What is the log phase?

A

Bacteria have adapted and are reproducing at their maximum rate

32
Q

What is the stationary phase?

A

No increase in bacterial numbers, lack of food, lack of space
Death rate = birth rate

33
Q

What is the decline phase?

A

Bacteria numbers fall when the death rate is greater than rate of reproduction

34
Q

Give one way in which bacteria cope with unfavourable conditions

A

Forcing endospores

35
Q

Distinguish between batch processing and continuous flow in food processing. Refer to stages in answer

A

Batch - fixed amount of nutrients added at beginning, all stages occur
Continuous flow - nutrients are constantly added to bioreactor, Log stage is maintained

36
Q

Give an example of a harmful member of the monera

A

Bacterium of disease - streptococcus pyogenes

37
Q

Under what circumstances does a bacterial cell form an endospore?

A

Harsh conditions

38
Q

Name two types of heterotrophic nutrition used by bacteria?

A

Parasitic

Saprophytic

39
Q

Describe how oxygen demand changes as the number of bacteria in the water changes and give a reason

A

No.of bacteria inc and oxygen demand inc
No.of bacteria dec and oxygen demand dec
More bacteria require more o2

40
Q

Diagram of growth curve of bacteria!!

A

Know how to draw

41
Q

What are the purpose of antibiotics

A

Treat infections

42
Q

Explain what is meant by antibiotic resistance and explain how it may develop

A

Bacteria fungi are not killed and become immune to antibiotics
Develops - misuse of antibiotics

43
Q

Other than being prokaryotic, state two ways in which a typical bacterial cell differs from a typical human cell

A

Cell wall, plasmid

44
Q

Role of parasites in the overal scheme of nature

A

Natural selection

Biology (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions