Endocrine System

Question 1

What term is used for glands that secrete hormones?

Answer 1

Endocrine

Question 2

How do endocrine glands differ from those that do not secrete hormones

Answer 2

Ductless

Question 3

Explain why the pancreas may be described as a dual-function gland

Answer 3

Both an endocrine and exocrine gland
Endocrine - in islets of langerhaun produces hormone insulin
Exocrine - rest of pancreas produces enzymes for digestion

Question 4

What is the chemical nature of many hormones?

Answer 4

Protein

Question 5

Give the precise location of adrenaline

Answer 5

Adrenal gland, on Kidney

Question 6

Give the precise location of thyroxine

Answer 6

Thyroid gland, Neck

Question 7

Give a function of adrenaline

Answer 7

Cope with stress by increasing blood flow to heart, muscles and brain and opening bronchioles to allow increase air flow
“Fight or flight hormone”

Question 8

Give a function of thyroxine

Answer 8

Stimulates metabolism

Question 9

Give a deficiency symptom of thyroxine

Answer 9

Lack of energy, weight gain

Question 10

Give a symptom of excess secretion of thyroxine

Answer 10

Bulging eyes, loss of weight

Question 11

Give a corrective measure of thyroxine deficiency

Answer 11

Hormone supplement - tablet form

Question 12

Give a corrective measure of thyroxine excess

Answer 12

Surgically removing part of thyroid

Question 13

Explain why hormonal responses are slower than nervous responses

Answer 13

Hormones travel in blood whereas electrical transmissions in nerves

Question 14

Describe what happens if the body experiences a deficiency of thyroxine

Answer 14

Reduce rate of metabolism
Lead to - lack of energy, tiredness, slow mental and physical activity
causes thyroid gland to swell = goitre

Question 15

Give two examples of the use of hormone supplements

Answer 15

Insulin - treatment of diabetes

Oestrogen and progesterone - contraceptives

Question 16

State the gland that produces insulin

Answer 16

Islets of langerhaun

Question 17

State the extact location of production of insulin

Answer 17

Pancreas [islets of langerhaun]

Question 18

Role of insulin

Answer 18

Stimulates cells to absorb glucose and store as glycogen

Question 19

State ways in which hormone action differs from nerve action

Answer 19

Chemical transmission
Slower reaction
Longer lasting effect

Question 20

What are exocrine glands and give an example

Answer 20

Release products into ducts eg, salivary glands, sweat glands

Question 21

What are endocrine glands

Answer 21

Ductless glands that produce hormones

Question 22

What is the endocrine system

Answer 22

A group of specialised tissues [glands] that produce chemicals called hormones, many of which are proteins

Question 23

What do endocrine glands have that allow hormones to be transported by blood?

Answer 23

A rich supply of capillaries

Question 24

What is a hormone?

Answer 24

Chemical messenger produced by endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body where it has a specific effect

Question 25

Why is the pituitary gland often known as the master gland?

Answer 25

Produces a range of hormones that trigger other glands to release theirs

Question 26

What is most hormone activity controlled by?

Answer 26

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 27

What hormones does the pituitary gland produce and what are their functions?

Answer 27

ADH -stimulate water reabsorption in kidneys TSH - stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxine FSH

Question 28

What do endocrine glands have that allow hormones to be transported by blood?

Answer 28

A rich supply of capillaries

Question 29

What is a hormone?

Answer 29

Chemical messenger produced by endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body where it has a specific effect

Question 30

Why is the pituitary gland often known as the master gland?

Answer 30

Produces a range of hormones that trigger other glands to release theirs

Question 31

What is most hormone activity controlled by?

Answer 31

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 32

What hormones does the pituitary gland produce and what are their functions?

Answer 32

TSH - stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxine FSH - controls functions of reproductive organs Growth hormone [somatropin]

Question 33

What is the function of the growth hormone?

Answer 33

Causes body to absorb amino acids and from proteins which allows growth and elongation of the bones of the skeleton

Question 34

What occurs when there is overproduction/underproduction is growth hormone [somatropin]

Answer 34

Overproduction - gigantism | Underproduction - dwarfism

Question 35

What does the hypothalamus gland produce and give example

Answer 35

Hormones that control pituitary gland in response to messages from the brain and other hormones Example - GHRF - causes production of growth hormone in pituitary

Question 36

Where is the pileal gland located?

Answer 36

Within the brain

Question 37

What does the pileal gland produce and what is it’s function?

Answer 37

Melatonin, the hormone produced in the dark | Involved in sleep and activity patterns, biological rhythms [ovulation], sexual maturity

Question 38

What gland links the nervous and endocrine systems?

Answer 38

Hypothalamus

Question 39

Where is ADH produced and stored?

Answer 39

Produced - hypothalamus | Stored - pituitary gland

Question 40

What does parathyroid gland produce?

Answer 40

Parathormone, which increases blood calcium levels

Question 41

How does insulin reduce blood glucose levels?

Answer 41

Stimulates cells to absorb glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen

Question 42

How many parathyroids are there?

Answer 42

Four

Question 43

What hormone does thymus gland release and what is it’s function [location]

Answer 43

Thymosin - causes lymphocytes to mature and become active | [behind breastbone]

Question 44

What is the name given to the method of control of thyroxine level?

Answer 44

Negative feedback - correct level of one item has a negative effect on a previous step in the cycle

Question 45

What occurs when there are normal concentrations of thyroxine?

Answer 45

Inhibits pituitary gland from releasing TSH so no further thyroxine is made

Question 46

What occurs when there are low concentrations of thyroxine?

Answer 46

Pituitary gland produces TSH [thyroid stimulating hormone] which causes more thyroxine to be made by thyroid gland, until thyroxine concentration is returned to normal again

Question 47

What’s goitre?

Answer 47

An enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by underproduction of thyroxine

Question 48

What is goitre caused by?

Answer 48

Lack of iodine in diet leads to underproduction of thyroxine

Question 49

How does goitre occur?

Answer 49

There is low concentration of thyroxine in blood - causes pituitary gland to produce TSH TSH normally combines with iodine to produce thyroxine however it there is a shortage of iodine this cannot happen so it is stored in thyroid Causes thyroid to swell = goitre

Question 50

How can goitre be treated?

Answer 50

Intake of iodine in diet