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Biology > Cell stucture > Flashcards

Cell stucture Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the protoplasm?

A

It’s all the living parts of a cell

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2
Q

What is the largest cell and smallest smell in humans?

A

Largest - egg

Smallest - sperm

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3
Q

Why must cells be stained?

A

Organelles are colourless

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4
Q

What stain is used to see onion cells?

A

Iodine

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5
Q

What stain is used for cheek cells?

A

Methylene blue

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6
Q

What does the electron microscope do?

A

It shows the ultra structure of cells

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7
Q

What is the composition and function of the cell membrane?

A

Composition - phospho lipid bilayer and protein

Function - selectively permeable

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8
Q

What is the composition and function of the cytoplasm?

A

C - jelly-like fluid, mostly water

F - Chemical reactions

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9
Q

What is the composition and function of the nucleus?

A

C - nuclear membrane containing chromatin

F - controls all cells activities

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10
Q

What is chromatin made of

A

Protein and DNA

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11
Q

What is the function of nuclear pores?

A

Allow chemicals in and out of the nucleus

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12
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus

A

It makes ribosomes

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13
Q

What is the composition and function of the cell wall?

A

C - cellulose

F - provides strength + makes less flexible

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14
Q

What is the composition of the vacuole and it’s function?

A

C - cell sap [membrane]

F - stores water and salts also give strength and shape

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15
Q

Composition and function of chloroplasts

A

C - double membrane containing chlorophyll and DNA

F - photosynthesis

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16
Q

Composition and function of mitochondria

A

C - double membrane containing DNA

F - Respiration

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17
Q

Why are mitochondria plentiful in active cells?

A

A lot of energy is required and mitochondria release energy in respiration

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18
Q

Composition and function of ribosomes

A

C - RNA

F - protein synthesis

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19
Q

What is a cell sap made up of?

A

Sugar salts and water

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20
Q

Prepare slide for animal cell for examination

A

1) few drops of water on slide
2) using finger, rub mouth place on slide
3) dropper, add drops of methylene blue
4) mounted needle, lower coverslip

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21
Q

What was the purpose of the glass slide?

A

Allow light to pass through it

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22
Q

What was the purpose of the coverslip?

A

Holds the cells in place and stops it from drying out

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23
Q

How did you examine the cells under the microscope?

A 
Lenses = magnify 
Wheels = focus 
Diaphragm = light
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24
Q

What was it difficult to see cells under low power

A

Cells are spread out and smaller

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25
Q

What are the three types of microscopes?

A

A simple light microscope
A compound light microscope
An electron microscope

26
Q

What is a simple light microscope?

A

Uses one lens to magnify object

27
Q

What is a compound light microscope?

A

Uses two or more lenses to magnify an object

28
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A

It uses beams of electrons instead of light

29
Q

What are the two types of electron microscopes?

A

Transmitting and Scanning electron microscopes

30
Q

What is the transmitting electron microscope?

A

Electrons pass through specimen to show inside parts

31
Q

What is the scanning electron microscope

A

Electrons reflected off surface to show outside parts

32
Q

What is the function of the eyepiece?

A

Magnifies image

33
Q

What is the function of the coarse adjustment wheel?

A

Rough focusing

34
Q

Function of fine adjustment wheel?

A

Precise/sharper focusing

35
Q

Function of rotating nosepiece?

A

Revolves to move desired lens into position

36
Q

Function of the objective lens?

A

Magnifies image

37
Q

Function of clips

A

Holds slide in place

38
Q

Function of stage?

A

Area on which slide is placed

39
Q

Function of iris diaphragm

A

Controls amount of light reaching object

40
Q

Function of condenser?

A

Focuses light onto slide

41
Q

Function of light source

A

Supplies light to object

42
Q

State one advantage of an electron microscope

A

Able to see the ultra structure of the cell

43
Q

What part of the stage will you place the slide?

A

Above the hole where the light is

44
Q

Why is it important to watch from the side, not the top, while raising the stage to met the lens?

A

To make sure the objective lens does not end up being damaged by hitting off the stage

45
Q

Molecules can move through cell membranes by various processes, name two

A

Osmosis, diffusion, Active transport

46
Q

Name an organelle other than the nucleus which contains genetic material

A

Mitochondria or chloroplasts

47
Q

Give two features of eukaryotic cells which distinguish them from prokaryotic

A

Membrane bound organelles

Nucleus

48
Q

State the precise location of the cell membrane in plant cells

A

Inside cell wall

49
Q

Name the two molecules present in a cell membrane

A

Protein and phospholipid

50
Q

How did you transfer cells to a slide of a

  • plant cell
  • animal cell
A
  • plant cell = forceps

- animal cell = swab

51
Q

How did you improve the visibly of the cells on the slide in the experiments

A

Add a stain

52
Q

State the precise location of the cell membrane in plant cells

A

Inside cell wall

53
Q

State the precise location of the cell membrane in animal cells

A

It’s the outermost later

54
Q

With what type of cell do you associate membrane-bound organelles?

A

Eukaryotic

55
Q

How did you obtain the animal cell?

A

Swan inside of cheek surface with sterile loop

56
Q

Describe the difference in colour or depth of colour between the nucleus and cytoplasm when stained cell was viewed under the microscope

A

Cytoplasm - paler

Nucleus - darker

57
Q

How did you apply the cover slip?

A

The cover slip is lowered onto the slide, using a mounted needle at a 45 degree angle

58
Q

Diagram of mitochondria and chloroplast

A

pg 108 of exam papers

C - weird strings

59
Q

Give locations in a cell which there is a selectively permeable membrane

A

Nucleus, chloroplast, vacuole, mitochondria

60
Q

Give two features of eukaryotic cells which distinguish them from prokaryotic cells

A
  • Nucleus

- membrane bound organelles

61
Q

Lens X is 10X and lens Y is 40X. The image of the cell is 1.2mm in diameter
How do you find actual diameter of a cell?

A

Multiply lenses - 400

Divide by magnification

62
Q

Labelled diagram of plant cells as seen high power

A

Not ultrasturcture! Normal plant diagram

Biology (36 decks)

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