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Cell stucture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the protoplasm?

A

It’s all the living parts of a cell

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2
Q

What is the largest cell and smallest smell in humans?

A

Largest - egg

Smallest - sperm

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3
Q

Why must cells be stained?

A

Organelles are colourless

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4
Q

What stain is used to see onion cells?

A

Iodine

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5
Q

What stain is used for cheek cells?

A

Methylene blue

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6
Q

What does the electron microscope do?

A

It shows the ultra structure of cells

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7
Q

What is the composition and function of the cell membrane?

A

Composition - phospho lipid bilayer and protein

Function - selectively permeable

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8
Q

What is the composition and function of the cytoplasm?

A

C - jelly-like fluid, mostly water

F - Chemical reactions

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9
Q

What is the composition and function of the nucleus?

A

C - nuclear membrane containing chromatin

F - controls all cells activities

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10
Q

What is chromatin made of

A

Protein and DNA

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11
Q

What is the function of nuclear pores?

A

Allow chemicals in and out of the nucleus

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12
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus

A

It makes ribosomes

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13
Q

What is the composition and function of the cell wall?

A

C - cellulose

F - provides strength + makes less flexible

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14
Q

What is the composition of the vacuole and it’s function?

A

C - cell sap [membrane]

F - stores water and salts also give strength and shape

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15
Q

Composition and function of chloroplasts

A

C - double membrane containing chlorophyll and DNA

F - photosynthesis

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16
Q

Composition and function of mitochondria

A

C - double membrane containing DNA

F - Respiration

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17
Q

Why are mitochondria plentiful in active cells?

A

A lot of energy is required and mitochondria release energy in respiration

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18
Q

Composition and function of ribosomes

A

C - RNA

F - protein synthesis

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19
Q

What is a cell sap made up of?

A

Sugar salts and water

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20
Q

Prepare slide for animal cell for examination

A

1) few drops of water on slide
2) using finger, rub mouth place on slide
3) dropper, add drops of methylene blue
4) mounted needle, lower coverslip

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21
Q

What was the purpose of the glass slide?

A

Allow light to pass through it

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22
Q

What was the purpose of the coverslip?

A

Holds the cells in place and stops it from drying out

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23
Q

How did you examine the cells under the microscope?

A 
Lenses = magnify 
Wheels = focus 
Diaphragm = light
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24
Q

What was it difficult to see cells under low power

A

Cells are spread out and smaller

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25
What are the three types of microscopes?
A simple light microscope A compound light microscope An electron microscope
26
What is a simple light microscope?
Uses one lens to magnify object
27
What is a compound light microscope?
Uses two or more lenses to magnify an object
28
What is an electron microscope?
It uses beams of electrons instead of light
29
What are the two types of electron microscopes?
Transmitting and Scanning electron microscopes
30
What is the transmitting electron microscope?
Electrons pass through specimen to show inside parts
31
What is the scanning electron microscope
Electrons reflected off surface to show outside parts
32
What is the function of the eyepiece?
Magnifies image
33
What is the function of the coarse adjustment wheel?
Rough focusing
34
Function of fine adjustment wheel?
Precise/sharper focusing
35
Function of rotating nosepiece?
Revolves to move desired lens into position
36
Function of the objective lens?
Magnifies image
37
Function of clips
Holds slide in place
38
Function of stage?
Area on which slide is placed
39
Function of iris diaphragm
Controls amount of light reaching object
40
Function of condenser?
Focuses light onto slide
41
Function of light source
Supplies light to object
42
State one advantage of an electron microscope
Able to see the ultra structure of the cell
43
What part of the stage will you place the slide?
Above the hole where the light is
44
Why is it important to watch from the side, not the top, while raising the stage to met the lens?
To make sure the objective lens does not end up being damaged by hitting off the stage
45
Molecules can move through cell membranes by various processes, name two
Osmosis, diffusion, Active transport
46
Name an organelle other than the nucleus which contains genetic material
Mitochondria or chloroplasts
47
Give two features of eukaryotic cells which distinguish them from prokaryotic
Membrane bound organelles | Nucleus
48
State the precise location of the cell membrane in plant cells
Inside cell wall
49
Name the two molecules present in a cell membrane
Protein and phospholipid
50
How did you transfer cells to a slide of a - plant cell - animal cell
- plant cell = forceps | - animal cell = swab
51
How did you improve the visibly of the cells on the slide in the experiments
Add a stain
52
State the precise location of the cell membrane in plant cells
Inside cell wall
53
State the precise location of the cell membrane in animal cells
It’s the outermost later
54
With what type of cell do you associate membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
55
How did you obtain the animal cell?
Swan inside of cheek surface with sterile loop
56
Describe the difference in colour or depth of colour between the nucleus and cytoplasm when stained cell was viewed under the microscope
Cytoplasm - paler | Nucleus - darker
57
How did you apply the cover slip?
The cover slip is lowered onto the slide, using a mounted needle at a 45 degree angle
58
Diagram of mitochondria and chloroplast
pg 108 of exam papers | C - weird strings
59
Give locations in a cell which there is a selectively permeable membrane
Nucleus, chloroplast, vacuole, mitochondria
60
Give two features of eukaryotic cells which distinguish them from prokaryotic cells
- Nucleus | - membrane bound organelles
61
Lens X is 10X and lens Y is 40X. The image of the cell is 1.2mm in diameter How do you find actual diameter of a cell?
Multiply lenses - 400 | Divide by magnification
62
Labelled diagram of plant cells as seen high power
Not ultrasturcture! Normal plant diagram

Biology (36 decks)

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