Food Flashcards
Why are nutrients essential?
As a source of energy
To make chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
As raw materials for the growth and repair of structures in an organism
What 6 common elements are found in food?
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulphur and Phosphorus
What four elements make up over 99% of the mass and atoms present in organisms?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
What are compounds made from carbon called?
Organic compounds
What are the five elements present in dissolved salts?
Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium
Apart from what elements are minerals?
Apart from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the rest are minerals
What are the three trace elements?
Iron, Zinc, Copper
What are biomolecules?
Chemicals made inside a living thing
What do biomolecules contain?
Carbon and are also called biochemicals
What are the four major types of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Vitamins and Proteins
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen
What is the chemical formula of carbohydrates?
Cx(h2O)y where x = y
[always twice as much hydrogen as oxygen]
What are monosaccharides?
Consist of one single sugar unit and are the smallest units of carbohydrates
They are sweet to taste and soluble in water
What is a sugar unit?
Ring of carbon atoms
Give two examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose and Fructose
What is glucose and where is it found
An example of a monosaccharide, Organisms get their energy, found in fruit sweets, chocolate and in plants it’s made during photosynthesis
What is fructose?
Sweeter than glucose + found in fruit
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides joined together
Give examples of disaccharides
Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
What is sucrose?
Glucose and fructose [table sugar]
What is maltose?
glucose + glucose molecules [barley]
What is lactose?
Glucose and galactose [milk]
What are polysaccharides?
Many monosaccharides linked together
Insoluble or only slightly soluble
Give examples of polysaccharides?
Starch, cellulose, Glycogen