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Biology > Breathing System > Flashcards

Breathing System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

Warms incoming air

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2
Q

What is the function of nasal hairs?

A

Filters incoming air

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3
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

It’s tiny hairs that line the respiratory system that push mucous up towards the mouth for swallowing

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4
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

It produces sound

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5
Q

What is the function of the rings of cartilage?

A

Keep the airways open and prevents them from collapsing

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6
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

Stops food entering trachea [pharynx]

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7
Q

What is the function of the ribs?

A

Protect the lungs and heart

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8
Q

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

A

They contract during inhalation

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9
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

It’s a sheet of muscle that separates the lungs and intestines

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10
Q

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

A

Lubricates and protects the lungs when they move against the rib cage

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11
Q

What is the bronchus?

A

It’s one of the branches of the trachea

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12
Q

What is the bronchioles?

A

Branches of the bronchi

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13
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

It carries air to lungs

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14
Q

What is the function of the alveolus?

A

Found at the end of the bronchioles and are covered in a network of capillaries

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15
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

In the alveoli [in the lungs]

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16
Q

Deoxygenated blood in gas exchange in alveoli

A

Comes from the heart through pulmonary artery

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17
Q

Oxygenated blood in gas exchange in alveoli

A

Returns to heart through pulmonary vein

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18
Q

What moves from the blood into the alveolus?

A

Co2 and h20 by diffusion

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19
Q

What moves from the alveolus into the blood?

A

Oxygen by diffusion

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20
Q

Adaptations of alveoli and capillaries for gas exchange

A

Thin walls - diffuses easily
Moist surface - faster diffusion
Capillary network - allows gases to diffuse easily

Large number of alveoli - large surface area

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21
Q

What kind of process is breathing

A

An involuntary process - not done consciously

22
Q

What occurs during inhalation?

A

Diaphragm contracts and lowers
Intercostal muscles contract causing ribcage to move up and out
Volume of thoracic cavity increases causing air pressure in the lungs to decrease
Equalise pressure, air is drawn into the lungs

23
Q

What kind of a process is inhalation?

A

Active process - energy is needed

24
Q

What occurs during exhalation?

A

Diaphragm relaxes and rises
Intercostal muscles relax causing ribcage to move in and down
Volume of thoracic cavity decreases and pressure increases
Equalise pressure - air pushed out

25
Q

What kind of process is exhalation?

A

Passive process - no energy required

26
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

Noise wheezy breathing

27
Q

Cause of asthma

A

Cigarette smoke

Allergens are inhaled causing lower bronchioles to become narrow - difficult to breathe

28
Q

Prevention of athsma

A

Identify allergens and avoid them

29
Q

Treatment for asthma

A

Inhale drugs that cause bronchioles to widen - inhaler

30
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

It’s in the brain and detects the level of carbon dioxide gas in the blood

31
Q

Is carbon dioxide acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic, lowers pH

32
Q

How does the medulla oblongata detect the level of co2

A

It sends a nervous impulse to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles causing them to contract when the level of co2 in the blood gets too high

33
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

In the alveoli [in the lungs]

34
Q

Deoxygenated blood in gas exchange in alveoli

A

Comes from the heart through pulmonary artery

35
Q

Oxygenated blood in gas exchange in alveoli

A

Returns to heart through pulmonary vein

36
Q

What moves from the blood into the alveolus?

A

Co2 and h20 by diffusion

37
Q

What moves from the alveolus into the blood?

A

Oxygen by diffusion

38
Q

Adaptations of alveoli and capillaries for gas exchange

A

Large number of alveoli - large surface area
Thin walls - diffuses easily
Moist surface - faster diffusion
Capillary network - allows gases to diffuse easily

39
Q

What kind of process is breathing

A

An involuntary process

40
Q

Name a human breathing disorder

A

Asthma

41
Q

Make sure to know how to draw human breathing tract!!

A

Pg 32 in purple book

42
Q

Diagram of microscopic detail of human lung

A

Exam paper, page 144

43
Q

Diagram of microscopic lung

Give two features of the structures in diagram that allow for efficient gas exchange

A

Thin wall

Large no. of alveoli

44
Q

Which gas, dissolved in the blood, can trigger deeper or faster breathing?

A

CO2

45
Q

Name the process involved in the passage of gas between the alveolus and the blood

A

Diffusion

46
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for controlling breathing?

A

Medulla Oblongata

47
Q

Give two ways in which the medulla oblongata is adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A

Numerous

Thin walls

48
Q

Name the process by which gas exchange occurs?

A

Diffusion

49
Q

In which part does gas exchange occur?

A

Alveolus

50
Q

Where is the diaphram found?

A

Below the lungs seperating the lungs and intestine

51
Q

Where are the intercostal muscles found?

A

Between the ribs

Biology (36 decks)

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