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Biology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transports food + oxygen
Defence against disease
Clotting

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2
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

Plasma + 3 cellular components ; red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

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3
Q

What is plasma?

A

Yellow liquid consisting of 90% water

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4
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

To carry [transport]

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5
Q

What does plasma contain/transport

A 
Nutrients [glucose, amino acids, vitamins]
Waste [co2 and urea]
Hormones [adrenaline]
Antibodies 
Clotting proteins 
Heat
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6
Q

What is serum?

A

It’s plasma minus the clotting proteins

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7
Q

Name a substance carried by plasma

A

Glucose, amino acids, vitamins

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8
Q

Name a group of substances carried by plasma

A

Nutrients

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9
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Carry oxygen around the body

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10
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Fight infection

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11
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Clotting

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12
Q

Red blood cells

A

Produced in bone marrow
No nucleus when mature
No mitochondria
Contains protein haemoglobin [needs iron in diet]
Oxygen bonds to the haem and it is known as oxyhemoglobin
Also known as erythrocytes

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13
Q

How does anaemia occur?

A

When we do not have enough red blood cells [lack of iron in diet]

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14
Q

White blood cells

A

Made in bone marrow
Larger than red blood cell
Has a nucleus
Also known as leucocytes

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15
Q

What are the two types of white cells

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

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16
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produce antibodies that attack bacteria and viruses
Large nucleus
Stored in lymphatic system

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17
Q

Monocytes

A

Engulf bacteria and viruses in a process known as phagocytosis
Also called marcophages
5% of all white cells

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18
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

The process in which Bacteria and viruses are engulfed

19
Q

Platelets

A

Bone marrow
No nucleus
Also known as thrombocytes

20
Q

What are haemophiliacs

A

Unable to produce certain clotting chemicals

21
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Occurs if a clot blocks a blood vessel [brain = stroke, heart = heart attack]

22
Q

What are antibodies

A

Proteins made by white blood cells in response to the presence of foreign chemicals called antigens

23
Q

What are antigens?

A

Chemicals that rigger our white blood cells to make antibodies against them

24
Q

What happens if you receive the wrong blood type?

A

Your body will attack the red blood cells because it thinks they are a bacteria/virus. This is because the red blood cells have “foreign” chemicals on their surface

25
Q

What are the two systems of blood groups?

A

The ABO system and the RHESUS system

26
Q

What are the different blood types in the ABO group?

A

Blood type A, Blood type AB, Blood type O and Blood type B

27
Q

What does blood type A contain?

A

It contains only A antigens

28
Q

What does blood type AB contain?

A

It contains both A and B antigens

29
Q

What does blood type B contain?

A

It contains only B antigens

30
Q

What does blood type O contain?

A

No antigens

31
Q

Where are the antigens found?

A

They are found on the surface of the red blood cells

32
Q

Antigen A is “foreign” to a person with what blood types?

A

Blood group B or O

33
Q

Antigen B is “foreign” to a person with what blood groups?

A

Blood group A or O

34
Q

When will a person reject a blood transfusion?

A

A person will reject a blood transfusion if “foreign” antigens are present on the surface of the red blood cells received

35
Q

Which blood group is the universal donor and what does this mean?

A

Type O and it means it can be given to all of the 4 blood groups

36
Q

Which blood group is the universal recipient and what does this mean?

A

Type AB and it means it accepts blood from all four blood groups

37
Q

RHESUS system, how is the blood type determined?

A

The blood type is determined by the presence or absence of the rhesus antigen [“D”] on the surface of the red blood cells.

38
Q

People who have antigen D are what

A

Rhesus positive [RH+]

39
Q

People without antigen D are what

A

Rhesus negative [RH-]

40
Q

How do red blood cells differ from white blood cells

A 
Smaller
Bi concave 
No nucleus 
No mitochondria 
Transport 02
Contain haemoglobin
41
Q

Name a group of white blood cells other than lymphocytes

A

Monocytes

42
Q

Give two ways other than colour, in which red blood cells differs in structure or composition from a typical body cell such as one in the cheek lining

A

No nucleus

Haemoglobin

43
Q

State a precise location in the human body at which red blood cells are made?

A

Bone Marrow

44
Q

What is the advantage of the biconcave shape of red blood cell

A
  • greater surface area for gaseous exchange

- makes them more flexible

Biology (36 decks)

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