the respiratory tract Flashcards
how are the airways designed
branching tree of blind ending tubes
what is the function of the respiratory system
- gas exchange and trasport (O2 and CO2)
- metabolic functions (synthesis of surfactant, synthesis and release of histamine, uptake and inactivation of compounds , activation of angiotensin by ACE)
- body temp regulation
- body acid-base regulation
- vocalisation and display
- facilitates venous return to the heart
what are the 2 types of airways in the mammalian lung and how do they work
conducting: moves air in and out of the lung (No gas exchange occurs here
respiratory: includes the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli and moves the respiratory gases, that is oxygen and carbon dioxide, in and out of the blood
What structures are part of the conducting zone?
- Nasal cavities
- Oral cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- most bronchioles
what is the function of the nasal cavities
humidify, warm, filter, and act as a conduit for inspired air, as well as protect the respiratory tract through the use of the mucociliary system.
what is the function of the oral cavity
to supplement or replace the nasal cavity’s functions when needed.
what is the function of the larynx
protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing. it also contains the vocal cords and functions as a voice box for producing sounds
what is the function of the pharynx
aka the throat: carries air from nose and mouth
what is the function of the trachea
carries air in and out of the lungs.
- stiff flexible tube for oxygen to reliably flow through
what is the function of the bronchi
carries air in and out of lungs. also healp moisturize the air you breath and screen out foreign particles
what is the function of the bronchioles
delivers air to alveoli
label the letters on this histological cross section of the trachea
label
describe the pathway of air through the airways
nasal cavities/mouth => pharynx => tranchea => primary bronchi => bronchioles => terminal bronchioles => respiratory bronchioles => alveolar ducts => alveolar sacs
list the defence mechanisms of the respiratory system
- filtration
- reflexes
- fluid lining
- mucociliary escalator
- detoxification mechanisms