lung function

Question 1

define tidal volume

Answer 1

the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

Question 2

define inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 2

It is the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume.
IRV is usually kept in reserve, but is used during deep breathing

Question 3

define expiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

it is the volume of air that can be exhaled forcibly after exhalation of normal tidal volume.
- can be reduced with obesity, ascites or after upper abdominal surgery

Question 4

define residual volume

Answer 4

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation

Question 5

define inspiratory capacity

Answer 5

the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following a resting state

Question 6

define vital capacity

Answer 6

the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation

Question 7

define functional residual capacity

Answer 7

the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal exhalation

Question 8

define total lung capacity

Answer 8

the maximum volume of air the lungs can accomodate or the volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspritation

Question 9

define respiratory rate

Answer 9

number of breaths you take per minute

Question 10

define minute ventilation

Answer 10

amount of air breathed per minute

Question 11

define dead space

Answer 11

the space in which oxygen and carbon dioxide gasses are not exchanged across the alveolar membrane in the respiratory tract

Question 12

defins alveolar ventilation

Answer 12

the rate of air flow that the gas exchange areas of the lung encounter during normal breathing

Question 13

label the diagram with the following terms:
- tidal volume
- expiratory reserve volume
- inspiratory reserve volume
- vital capacity
- functional residual capacity
- total lung capacity
- residual volume (which cannot be measured with a spirometer

how would you expect exercise would affect these volumes?

Answer 13

A. inspiratory reserve volume
b. tidal volume
c. epiratory reserve volume
d. residual volume
e. inspiratory capacity
f. functional residual capacity
g. vital capacity
h. total lung capacity

• during exercise the volume will increase for inhalation and exhalation due to the need for oxygen increasing and the rate of respiration increasing
  The graph will display more like the forced respiration due to heavier breathing occurring when we exercise

Question 14

define conditions under which ventilation/perfusion mismatch occur

Answer 14

Pulmonary perfusion = blood flow to the alveoli allowing uptake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide

Anything affecting blood flow to the lungs affects pulmonary perfusion