Exotcis PIE

Question 1

describe how the thorax is different in the rabbit, guinea pig, ferret, bird, tortoise, snake, bearded dragon

Answer 1

rabbit: very small thoracic cavity - most of body is abdominal cavity. heart sits ventrally and is cranial and is proportionally quite large in comparison to dogs and cats
guinea pig: similar to rabbit
Ferrets: not hindgut fermenters so have longer thoracic cavity. heart is quite caudal
Birrd: heart is top of hourglass figure in VD rads
tortoise: hard to see anatomy in rads due to shell –> can see in lungs in some views
snakeL have air sacs, identifty heart location by either watching for pulses or doppler
beardy: heart easily visible cranially, dont have air sacs

Question 2

where can you take blood from a rabbit

Answer 2

• jugular
• cephalic
• saphenous
• marginal ear vein (NEVER middle artery)

Question 3

where do you take blood from small mammals (not rabbits)

Answer 3

vena cava: looking for thoracic inlet and between clavicle and first rib should be a dip –> insert needle and point slightly towards opposite hip. if dont get flash right away, dont go deeper and move needle side to side until hit vena cava.
must be familiar with anatomy of different species (ferret has caudal heart guinea has cranial)

Question 4

where else can you take blood from on a rat

Answer 4

lateral tail vein
- warm tail gently first to promote blood flow

Question 5

where can you take blood in birds

Answer 5

• medial metatarsal vein
• jugular (sedate)
• basilic (ulnar) vein (prone to blowing as not much tissue surrounding)

Question 6

where can you take blood in reptiles

Answer 6

• ventral tail vein (insert needle @ midline until hit bone then draw back slightly as vein runs along vertebra of tail)
• dorsal tail vein in tortoise
• jugular vein
• subscapular sinus ( careful as can get contamination from nearby lymph nodes)
• intracardiac (only in snake as need to be able to stabalise heart to not cause damage

Question 7

what is the difference between mammalian erythrocytes and reptile erythrocytes

Answer 7

reptilian erythrocytes have nuclei, mammalian do not

Question 8

what are th 5 types of leukocytes that repltiles and birds have

Answer 8

• heterophils
• lymphocytes
• eosinophils
• basophils
• azurophils (monocytes in birds)