ANS and CRS

Question 1

compare the lengths of the pre and post ganglionic neruons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

sympathetic:
- pre ganglionic: short
- post ganglionic: long

parasympathetic
- pre: long
- Post: short

Question 2

what neurotranmitters are involved in the pre and post ganglionic nerve fibres of the SNS and PSNS

Answer 2

Question 3

in what circumstances in the sympathetic NS activated

Answer 3

fight or flight
stress, anxiety, fear

Question 4

what outflow fromthe CNS does the SNS have

Answer 4

spinal T1-L3

Question 5

where are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system located

Answer 5

just ventral and lateral to the spinal cord

Question 6

label

Answer 6

Question 7

when is the parasympathetic nervous system activated

Answer 7

rest and digest

Question 8

what is the outflow from the CNS in the PSNS

Answer 8

cranial nerves (to organs) or pelvic nerves (to pelvic organs)

Question 9

what cranial nerves are involved in the PSNS

Answer 9

occulomotor, facial, vagus, glossopharyngeal

also pelvic and splanchic nerves for pelvic organs

Question 10

where are the ganglia or the PSNS located

Answer 10

very close to or within the target organs

Question 11

what are autonomic reflexes and what are their function

Answer 11

neural regulation of the ANS occurs by autonomic reflexes. they work through feedback mechanisms which involve the afferent nervous system

function is to maintain homeostasis.
functions controlled by autonomic reflexes:
- Control of respiration
- Cardiac regulation
- Vasomotor activity
- A certain reflex actions including coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting

Question 12

The SNS has 2 effects on the heart. what are they

Answer 12

• increase heart rate
• increase cardiac contractility

Question 13

what is the effect of the SNS on the lungs

Answer 13

increases respiratory function

Question 14

what are baroreceptors? where are they located

Answer 14

• involved in regulation of homeostasis
• a type of mechanoreceptors allowing for relaying information derived from blood pressure within the autonomic nervous system
• located in the aortic arch and each of the carotid sinuses near the area where common carotid artery bifurcates

Question 15

what are chemoreceptors? what process do they control and where are they located

Answer 15

• invloved in homeostasis
• control breathing (monitor pO2 and pCO2)
• located in the carotid sinuses and aortic bodes, as well as the central surface of the medulla

Question 16

how are baroreceptors involved in compensating for blood loss leading to low blood pressure

Answer 16

1. blood loss occurs
2. barreceptors sense change in blood pressure and send signal from PNS to CNS
3. CNS compares current BP to reference BP and determines its low
4. compensatory systems activated: increase HR and vasoconstriction

Question 17

Post-ganglionic fibres go to the SA node and AV node (in the walls of the heart). this controls rate and rhythm. what is another term for this

Answer 17

positive chronotropic effect

Question 18

post ganglionic fibres also go to the myocardium. this controls the force of contraction. what is another term for this

Answer 18

positive iontropic effect

Question 19

in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic system, what receptors are stimulated or inhibited in the lungs

Answer 19

adrenic and muscarinic receptors

Question 20

Answer 20