Adaptive immunity Flashcards
what is immunological memory
- the ability of the immune system to “remember” and mount a more rapid and efficient response to a pathogen upon subsequent exposures.
- is the basis for the effectiveness of vaccines and provides long-lasting protection against infectious diseases. Immunological memory is a key reason why individuals who have previously been exposed to a pathogen or vaccinated against it are often less likely to develop severe illness upon re-exposure.
mediated by: memory B cells and memory T cells
descibe the pathway of T-cells from generation to differentiation
- generated in bone marrow
- moves into lymphoid to become progenator cells
- migrates to thymus to obtain Tcell receptor
- migrates to lymph node for differentaition
differentiation refers to the type of glycoprotein the T cell has. all T-cells are CD3+, and then they have a subset based on function
- helper Tcells = CD4+
- cytotoxic T cells are CD8+
- T regulatory cells
there are also 2 T helper cells (1/2). 1 is for intracellular pathogens and 2 is for extracellular pathogens. they secrete different cytokines and have different characteristic cytokines
describe the role of the T cell in adaptive immunity
T helper cells (Th1, CD4+) + dendritic cell and antigen activate cytotoxic T cell (CD8+) to kill virally infected or damaged body cells
immune response doesnt involve antibodies
describe the pathway of a Bcell from generation to differentiation
- bone marrow
- lymphoid progenator cells
- progenator B cell
- migrates to lymph and differentiates
describe the role of a B cell in adaptive immunity
T helper cells (Th2) and antigen presenting cells (including antigen) leads to antigen processing with Th cell support, leading to B cells differentiating to memory or plasma cells
describe the structure and function of T cell receptors
- a T cell receptor is a protein complex that transmits info from outside the cell to the inside
- the receptor binds with MHC 1 or MHC 2 receptors on other cells (antigen presenting cells)
- MHC 2 links to humoral immunity
- MHC 1links to cytotoxic cells
- in order for recognition to occur, it mus be the correct specific receptor to present the antigen to the T HELPER CELL.
Describe the structure and function of B cell receptors
- B cells receptors are known as surface immunoglobin (Ig)
- they are UNIQUE to B cells
- have antigen binding cites (constant and variable regions)
how do B cells change receptors
- antigen recognition induces expression of effector molecules by T cell, which activates the B cell
- B cell proliferates
- differentiation to resting memory cells (with B cell receptor) and antibody secreting plasma cells
name the types of B cell receptors
pneumonic: GAMED
- IgG (in serum)
- IgA (mucosal)
- IgM (eary stage)
- IgE (allergy)
- IgD (differentiation)