ECG problems Flashcards

1
Q

which leg moved and how do you know

A

lead 1 is attached to RF and LF
Lead 2 is attached to RF/LH
Lead 3 is attached to LF and LH

both lead 2 and 3 show a movement artefact, indicating there was an issue with one of the limbs attached to either of those leads. leads 2 and 3 share the left hind limb so therefore it was likely the left hind that moved

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2
Q

what is causing the baseline to go up and down

A

normal respiration

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3
Q

what is causing this baseline interference

A

muscle tremor (purring of cat)

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4
Q

artefact?

A

60 cycle electrical interference

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5
Q

what is the length of the P wave

A

0.08s

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6
Q

how many boxes are there in a minute in a 25 mm/sec

A

1500

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7
Q

how many boxes in a minute on a 50mm/sec ecg

A

3000

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8
Q

a long P wave is suggestive of what

A

left atrial enlargement
P wave = depolarisation of atria
SA node in RA so if LA gets big it means it takes longer to signal LA

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9
Q

whats the height of the P wave

A

0.5 mV
because 1 box = 0.5 cm and 1 cm = 1 mV

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10
Q

a tall P wave is suggestive of what

A

right atrial enlargement
if more tissue (enlargement) then there is more electircal activity (height measures electrical activity)`

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11
Q

P wave dimesions:

A

0.04s X 0.2 mV

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12
Q

For a paper speed of 25mm/sec (2.5 cm/sec)
There are 1,500 small (1mm) boxes/minute
1,500 divided by the number of small boxes between complexes = HR/min
1 box = 0.04 sec

A
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13
Q

For a paper speed of 50 mm/sec (5cm /sec)
There are 3,000 small (1mm) boxes/minute
3,000 divided by the number of small boxes between complexes = HR/min
1 box = 0.02 sec

A
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14
Q

what are the normal values for the P wave/PR interval/QRS complex/QT interval

A

“NORMAL” VALUES.

P WAVE: upto 0.4 mV X upto 0.04secs in the dog.
upto 0.2 mV X upto 0.04secs in the cat.

PR INTERVAL: 0.06-0.13 secs in the dog.
0.05-0.09 secs in the cat.

QRS COMPLEX: upto 2.5 mV X upto 0.05 secs in small dogs.
upto 3.0 mV X upto 0.06 secs in large dogs.
upto 0.9 mV X upto 0.04 secs in cats.

QT INTERVAL: 0.14-0.25 secs in the dog.
upto 0.16 secs in the cat.
Varies with heart rate (usually approx half preceding RR interval).

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15
Q

A tall QRS complex is suggestive of what

A

right ventricular enlargement

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16
Q

a wide QRS complex is suggestive of what

A

left ventricular enlargement

17
Q

HR?

A

115 bmp

18
Q

HR?

A

250 bmp
sinus rhythm (p wave followed by QRS)

19
Q

describe the rhythm and where does it originate from? what most likely attributes to the irregularity in the rhythm

A

regularly irregular
originated for SA node (has P wave)
- probably associated with respiratory activity

sinus arrythmia

20
Q

is sinus arryhmia normal

A

in dogs yes
NOT IN CATS

21
Q

what is the origin of this rhythm. is it a nomral ECG? what is the dysrhythmia called

A

the SA nodde (know because every QRS preceeded by P wave)
wide and bizzareq
- sinus arrythmia (b/c we see P waves)

22
Q

in which part of the QRST complex would AV nodal disease manifest

A
  • PQ interval
23
Q

a long PQ interval is known asL

A

first degree AV block

24
Q

intermittent failure of impulse transmission through the AV node is known as

A

second degree AV block

25
Q

complete failure of impulse transmission through the AV node is known as:

A

third degree AV block

26
Q

in third degree AV block transmission of electrical activity through the AV node fails and as a result:

A

a rhythm is generated from the ventricles that is slower than normal
- SA node cells spontaneously depolarize quickly (so do other cells in heart but SA node cells depolarize quicker than other cells so their early deoplarisation keeps the pace)
- ventricles are being drien by a pacemaker slower than normal because cells in the AV node depolarize slower but are normlally depolarised mechanically by SA node

27
Q
A

AV node

28
Q

the complex indicated by the arrow is premature. what is the origin of the complex

A

atrium
- premature but has a P wave