respiratory parasites Flashcards
what is linguatula serrata
canine tongue worm
Life cycle of linguatula serrata (canine tongue worm)
- Intermediate host ingests eggs by contaminated pasture/water
- Hatch in intestine and larvae migrate to organs
- Dog eats raw meat of intermediate host
- Adult stages develop in dogs nasal passage - expels eggs via nasal discharge
What is oestrus ovis?
Sheep/goat nasal bot fly
Life Cycle of Oestrus ovis
- Fly deposits L1 into nasal passage
- Mature in nose & sinuses L3
- Sneezed out and pupate on ground
Clinical signs of Oestrus ovis?
Avoidance behaviour
Excess nasal discharge
Laboured breathing
Loss of appetite
diagnosis:
serological testing using ELISA may be used in some countries
treatment
- nitroxinyl
- moxidectin
- ivermectin
- closantel
Nasal myiasis
Infestation by a parasite which feeds on membranes in nasal cavity/sinuses
- fly deposits larvae in or around nostrils of the host
similar to fly strik in sheep
What is the Dog nasal mite?
Pneumonyssus Caninum
pathology: depends on size of infestation. from no pathology to sneezind/snuffing to nasal discharge/bleeding
diagnosis: nasal swabs
treatment: SC selamectin, moxidectin, milbemycin oxime
What is the nasal nematode of dogs/fox?
Eucoleus boehmi
- infects mucosa of nasal cavity/passage and the frontal paranasal sinuses
- seen rhinoscopically on the epithelial lining of the nasal turbinates
- some dogs may exhibit sneezing, rhinitis, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, severe epistaxis, reverse sneezing
Problem with diagnosing Eucoleus Bohemia?
- Eggs can be found in dog feces and from nasal swabs/flushes
- eggs are confused with whipworm and another type of lung worm (both have 2 polar plugs at the end)
- E. bohemia egg has a rough pitted surface
Oslerus osleri
Nematode found in a dog - Adults live in nodules on mucosa in distal trachea/ tracheal bifurcation
infection occurs via ingesting L1 infected feces or by direct transfer of L1 in sputum
clinical signs
- chronic cough
- wheezing
- exercise intolerance
- dyspnoea
- death
- immune response in adults in trachea/bronchi causes worm to encapsulate
diagnosis: bronchoscopic characteristic nodules particularly at the tracheal bifurcation, L1 in feces or BAL fluid
resolution of tracheal/bronchial nodes may take several weeks post treatment
Eucoleus aerophilus
lung worm of dogs, cats, foxes, raccoons, wolves, hedgehogs, lynxes, mustelids
- inhabits trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
- aside from a slight cough, infection is usually asymptomatic in dogs and cats
- animal ingests an infected egg or an earthworm (paratenic host) containing an infectied larva in its tissues
- detection using fecal floats or tracheal wash of eggs with characteristic bipolar plugs and grough netted surface
Filaroides spp.
Form of Canine lungworm
- live in the terminal airways, bronchioles and alveoli in dogs
- usually asymptomatic, although coughing and dyspnoea may occur
- life cycle: direct and infection occurs via inestion of L1s
- transmission: easy in kennels because larvae are infectious when passed in feces
- diagnosis:detection of L1s or embryonated eggs in feces or in airway cytology specimens. radiographic examination may show a diffuse interstitial or focal nodular pattern
Crenosoma vulpis
fox lungworm via ingestion of intermediate host
target sites: trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
life cycle: indirect and transmission requires ingestion of mulluscs as intermediate hosts
Gapeworm in birds?
Syngamus trachea
Lifecyle of syngamus trachea (birds)?
1) Ingestion of egg/ hatched l3/ paratenic host(earthworm)
2) L1-L3 maturation occurs inside egg
3) L3 migrates from duodenum > Liver > Lungs
4) Eggs formed in trachea
