head anatomy workbook Flashcards
label
label
label
label
label
label
- septum nasi
- Dorsal meatus
- Middle meatus
- Ventral meatus
- Common meatus
- Cavity of dorsal turbinate bone
- Cavity of ventral turbinate bone
- Maxillary sinus
Where would you pass a naso-gastric tube or endoscope?
Ventral meatus
What bony structures form the dorsal and nasal conchae?
Ethmoid bone
With which other sinus does the frontal sinus directly communicate?
dorsal conchal sinus
On the following images indicate the locations of the frontal, rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses
how do secretions drain from the paranasal sinuses in the horse
Describe the path of the nasolacrimal duct and infraorbital canal
Nasolacrimal duct:
Drainage from the medial canthos to nasal cavity:
Nasal punctae
Runs with maxilla and maxillary sinus
what structures pass through the infraorbital canal
the maxillary nerve
Identify the following structures on this endoscopic image of a horse’s larynx
- epiglottis
- arytenoid cartilage
- vestibular fold
- vocal fold
what muscles open the glottis
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis opens the glottis- abducts vocal chords
The larynx moves up and tips the epiglottis over the trachea, opens up glottis
what muscle closed the glottis
Cricoarytenoideus lateralis (Cricoarytenoid muscle)
what nerve controls laryngeal function
vagus nerve
What is the path of the nerves that control laryngeal function?
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis is supplies by recurrent laryngeal nn.
what is laryngeal hemiplasia in the horse
The term “Roarer” refers to horses with a condition called Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy (RLN) or Laryngeal Hemiplegia which affect the upper airway of the horse. The term “Roarer” is used because of the noise that is often heard by horses with this condition during work, or strenuous exercise. This disease causes a decrease in airflow to the lungs and can cause exercise intolerance. RLN is caused by paralysis of one or both of these cartilages (called the arytenoid cartilage) due to lack of innervation causing atrophy to the muscle that moves the arytenoid cartilage (Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis). The left arytenoid cartilage is the most common side affected (up to 95%). In a normal horse, the arytenoids allow maximal airflow into the trachea during abduction. Horses with RLN have paralysis of the arytenoid cartilage, which prevents them from abducting or opening their throat during inspiration. This leads to decreased airflow into the lungs due to obstruction from the paralyzed cartilage resulting in respiratory noise and exercise intolerance.
list the order of the structures of the hyoid apparatus and its articulation to the skull and larynx
which nerve controls facial movement? what symptoms would you expect to see if there was a lesion to this nerve
Facial nerve, CN VII
Facial paralysis on one side of the face
Drool
Reduced movement of eyelids, eyes, lips and nostrils
label
MC- medial compartment
LC- lateral compartment
X- Vagus nerve
XII- hypoglossal nerve
IX- glossopharyngeal nerve
ST- sympathetic trunk
IC/EC internal/external carotid arteries
SH- stylohoid boné
label
- Dorsal concha
- Ventral concha
- Ethmoidal chonchae
- Vomer bone
- Frontal sinus
- Hard plate
- Soft plate
- Orifice of the auditory tube on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx. At this place, an endoscope can be passed into the guttural pouch.
- Stylohyoid bone
- Medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes adjacent to the ventral wall of the guttural pouch
- Cricoid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage - ventral
- Trachea
- Ossified rostral edge of the thyroid cartilage
- Basihyoid bone
- palatine bone
