anatomy Flashcards
histological features of the spleen
- smooth mucle capsule
- smooth muscle trabecular
- germinal centre
- lymphoid nodule/follicle/malpighian corpuscle
- periarterial lymphatic sheath
- red and white pulp
histological features of thymus
- fibrous trabeculae
- crotex and medulla
- hassalls corpuscle
- fibrous capsule
histological features of lymph nodes
- lymphoid nodule/follicle
- germinal centres
- fibrous capsule
- fibrous trabeculae
- cortex and medulla
what organ is shown
spleen. shows red and white pulp, smooth muscle trabeculae and smooth muscle capsule
what organ is this
lymph node - shows cortex and medulla, lymphatic nodules, germinal centers and a connective tissue capsule
what organ is this
thymus - shows cortex and medulla, lymphatic nodules, germinal centres, a connective tissue capsule and a hassall’s corpuscule
label blood smear
label bone marrow aspirate
true or false: In dogs, an individual that DEA1.1 negative can be used as a universal donor
true - However, a dog that tests DEA1.1 - can be from a wide range of different canine blood groups. Hence it is recommended to also cross match donor and recipient, which is essential if the donor has received a blood transfusion already and could have developed antibodies against RBC antigens.
To monitor for a transfusion reaction you deliver a blood transfusion to a 30kg Labrador at a rate of 0.25 ml/kg/hour for the first 30 minutes.
How much blood would be delivered during this time?
3.75 ml
Cats have naturally occurring antibodies against the
blood type they are lacking in their plasma; the
importance of the alloantibodies varies between the
different groups.
Type A cats have:
weak anti-B anlloantibodies
what allowantibodies do type B cats have
very strong anti-A alloantibodies
Hence type A and type B cats should always be matched with their respective blood type to avoid potentially lethal (Type B cat receiving Type A blood) or delayed (Type A cat receiving Type B blood) transfusion reactions.
So what about Type AB cats, which do not have allo-antibodies against A or B?
- AB cats can recieve AB blood
- AB cats can receive washed RBCs from blood type A donor cats (The washing of the Type A RBCs is required to remove anti-B allo-antibodies that woudl react with the recipient’s RBCs that express both antigens, A and B.)
What aspect of haemostasis does the Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assess?
- secondary hemostasis - intrinsic and common pathway
What aspect of haemostasis does the Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) assess?
primary hemostasis
- however BMBT will not differentiate between platelet function and vascular function
What aspect of haemostasis does the One stage prothrombin time (OSPT, one stage PT, PT) assess?
secondary hemostasis (extrinsic and common pathway)
if the RBC cell size is low, anemia is
microcytic
if the RBC hemoglobin content is normal the anemia is:
normochromic
if the red blood cell size is large, the anemia is
macrocytic
if the red blood cell hemoglobin content s low, the anemia is
hypochromic
which 3 hematology values determine if an animal is anemic or not
- PCV
- RBC count
- Hb
which are the 3 hematology values that describe/characterise anemia
- MCV
- MCHC
- reticulocytes
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