The Red Terror

Question 1

As Lenin needed a broader base of support to enable his economic and social system to work properly what did he rely on?

Answer 1

coercion, using threats

Question 2

What was used as an excuse for the Cheka to launch what become known as the Red Terror?

Answer 2

Lenin’s attempted assassinations in August 1918

Question 3

Who did the Cheka round up ? (3)

Answer 3

political enemies , SR’s, Menshiviks , anarchists and others

Question 4

What did the Cheka do to rounded up political enemies?

Answer 4

shot them more than imprisoning them

Question 5

what are the estimates for the numbers of political enemies and others considered a threat between 1918-1920

Answer 5

c500,000

Question 6

What was the excuse for the Cheka to carry out a mission on class warfare?

Answer 6

that the bourgeoisie were guilty of plotting counter-revolution

Question 7

Who were the victims of class warfare?

Answer 7

• bourgeoisie
• workers
• peasants
• many children

Question 8

Although there were sometimes specific reasons for targeting individuals, what was the overall policy and why?

Answer 8

overall policy was to use arbitrary terror simply as a means of frightening all sections of society into compliance with the regime

Question 9

How many peasant uprisings were reported by the Cheka in February 1921?

Answer 9

155

Question 10

When did the Cheka report 155 peasant uprisings?

Answer 10

February 1921

Question 11

Where was the most serious peasant uprising?

Answer 11

Tambov province 300 miles south-east of Moscow

Question 12

When did the Tambov peasant rebellion begin and end?

Answer 12

began-August 1920

lasted until-June 1921

Question 13

How many peasants rose up against government forces in the Tambov Rebellion of August 1920-June 1921?

Answer 13

70,000 man peasant army

Question 14

Who led the Tambov Rebellion of August 1920-June 1921

Answer 14

Alexander Antonov

Question 15

Why did the peasant army of 70,000 men rise up against the government in August 1920-Jen 1921?

Answer 15

as requisition squads arrived in Tambov demanding requisitions at a time when there were almost no grain reserves left

Question 16

Who were the peasants of Tambov joined by?

Answer 16

some members of Green forces

Question 17

How many Red Army troops had to be developed to deal with the uprising across swathes of south-east Russia?

Answer 17

100,000

Question 18

In what year did Red Army troops pour into Tambov province and brutally destroy whole villages?

Answer 18

1921

Question 19

what was used against those who hid in the forests during the Tambov rebellion in 1922 when the Red Army attacked?

Answer 19

poison gas was used

Question 20

When did the UTP (Union of Toiling Peasants) issue a manifesto calling for political equality, land reform and an end to the civil war?

Answer 20

December 1920

Question 21

In December 1920, what did the UTP (Union of Toiling Peasants) issue in their manifesto ?(3)

Answer 21

• political equality
• land reform
• end to the civil war

Question 22

Who led the Tambov Rebellion?

Answer 22

Alexander Antonov

Question 23

What were Antonov’s army refereed to as ?

Answer 23

Blue Army

Question 24

What did the Bolshevik dismiss the UTP manifesto as ?

Answer 24

as written propaganda by the self-serving Antonov

Question 25

Who was sent to crush the Tambov uprising 1920-1921?

Answer 25

• most experienced commanders and battalions
• a combat hardened division let by Mikhail Tukhachevsky
• Cheka units containing Chinese internationalists

Question 26

why were 100,000 Red Army soldiers used in the Tambov Rebellion?

Answer 26

due to the end of the Polish–Soviet War (in March 1921) and the defeat of General Wrangel in 1920, meaning the Red Army could divert its regular troops into the area - deploying in total over 100,000 Red Army soldiers, alongside special Cheka detachments.

Question 27

when did the Polish–Soviet War end?

Answer 27

March 1921

Question 28

When was the defeat of General wrangle?

Answer 28

1920