The Red Terror Flashcards
As Lenin needed a broader base of support to enable his economic and social system to work properly what did he rely on?
coercion, using threats
What was used as an excuse for the Cheka to launch what become known as the Red Terror?
Lenin’s attempted assassinations in August 1918
Who did the Cheka round up ? (3)
political enemies , SR’s, Menshiviks , anarchists and others
What did the Cheka do to rounded up political enemies?
shot them more than imprisoning them
what are the estimates for the numbers of political enemies and others considered a threat between 1918-1920
c500,000
What was the excuse for the Cheka to carry out a mission on class warfare?
that the bourgeoisie were guilty of plotting counter-revolution
Who were the victims of class warfare?
- bourgeoisie
- workers
- peasants
- many children
Although there were sometimes specific reasons for targeting individuals, what was the overall policy and why?
overall policy was to use arbitrary terror simply as a means of frightening all sections of society into compliance with the regime
How many peasant uprisings were reported by the Cheka in February 1921?
155
When did the Cheka report 155 peasant uprisings?
February 1921
Where was the most serious peasant uprising?
Tambov province 300 miles south-east of Moscow
When did the Tambov peasant rebellion begin and end?
began-August 1920
lasted until-June 1921
How many peasants rose up against government forces in the Tambov Rebellion of August 1920-June 1921?
70,000 man peasant army
Who led the Tambov Rebellion of August 1920-June 1921
Alexander Antonov
Why did the peasant army of 70,000 men rise up against the government in August 1920-Jen 1921?
as requisition squads arrived in Tambov demanding requisitions at a time when there were almost no grain reserves left
Who were the peasants of Tambov joined by?
some members of Green forces
How many Red Army troops had to be developed to deal with the uprising across swathes of south-east Russia?
100,000
In what year did Red Army troops pour into Tambov province and brutally destroy whole villages?
1921
what was used against those who hid in the forests during the Tambov rebellion in 1922 when the Red Army attacked?
poison gas was used
When did the UTP (Union of Toiling Peasants) issue a manifesto calling for political equality, land reform and an end to the civil war?
December 1920
In December 1920, what did the UTP (Union of Toiling Peasants) issue in their manifesto ?(3)
- political equality
- land reform
- end to the civil war
Who led the Tambov Rebellion?
Alexander Antonov
What were Antonov’s army refereed to as ?
Blue Army
What did the Bolshevik dismiss the UTP manifesto as ?
as written propaganda by the self-serving Antonov
Who was sent to crush the Tambov uprising 1920-1921?
- most experienced commanders and battalions
- a combat hardened division let by Mikhail Tukhachevsky
- Cheka units containing Chinese internationalists
why were 100,000 Red Army soldiers used in the Tambov Rebellion?
due to the end of the Polish–Soviet War (in March 1921) and the defeat of General Wrangel in 1920, meaning the Red Army could divert its regular troops into the area - deploying in total over 100,000 Red Army soldiers, alongside special Cheka detachments.
when did the Polish–Soviet War end?
March 1921
When was the defeat of General wrangle?
1920
