CHAPTER 7-NEP Flashcards
What was the Gosplan?
the State general Planning Commission from 1921 with its headquarters in Moscow
When was Gosplan formally established by a Sovnarkum decree?
February 1921
What was the purpose of Gosplan which was formally established by a Sovnarkum decree in February 1921?
to advise on the NEP which Lenin formally announced at the Tenth Party Congress in March 1921
When did Lenin formally announce the NEP?
at the Tenth Party Congress in March 1921
Who backed Lenin on the NEP? (3)
Bukharin
Zinoviev
most of the leadership
Why didn’t Lenin have a vote on the measures of the NEP?
as he knew many of the rank and file would see this as an ideological betrayal
What were the 3 key changes from War Communism to NEP?
- Requisitioning of grain ended
- small scale industry would return to private hands
- Rationing was ended
How did the peasantry benefit from the NEP?
they were allowed to sell any remaining food on the open market for their own profit
What did the regime promise not to do in regards to the peasantry ?
They promised no to try to carry through forcible collectivisation of land
Although the requisitioning of grain had ended with the NEP, what was still required of them?
They were still required to give a quota to the State which turned into a tax in 1923
Although private trade would be allowed, what would remain under the control of the state?
- Banks
- Transport
How were industries required to pay their workers?
out of profits
What helped money to flow more freely?
the opening of private businesses such as shops and restaurants in cities
What re-emerged as a result of the NEP allowing peasants to sell surplus grain?
the Kulak class
In 1923 what caused an imbalance in the economy?
large quantities of food entered the cities causing food prices to drop
Why did the food prices fall below those of industrial goods in the summer of 1923?
as the factories and workshops were taking longer to rebuild and expand their output
What was a result of there being a lack of industrial goods to exchange for grain?
The peasants held back supplies
How did the government deal with the hoarding of grain from the peasants?
They replaced the peasant quotas with money taxes in 1923 therefore forcing them to sell
What was the state of production levels by 1926?
they had reached the same levels as 1913
By 1925 how many sole traders were there in Moscow?
25,000
Who were Nepmen?
speculative traders who bought produce from the peasantry to sell in the towns to make profit
What % of retail trade did Nepmen control by 1923?
c75%
Why were Nepmen hated by Bolsheviks?
as they flaunted their wealth openly
What was Lenin’s argument for the NEP?
‘One step forward, two steps back’
