CHAPTER 7-NEP Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Gosplan?

A

the State general Planning Commission from 1921 with its headquarters in Moscow

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2
Q

When was Gosplan formally established by a Sovnarkum decree?

A

February 1921

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3
Q

What was the purpose of Gosplan which was formally established by a Sovnarkum decree in February 1921?

A

to advise on the NEP which Lenin formally announced at the Tenth Party Congress in March 1921

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4
Q

When did Lenin formally announce the NEP?

A

at the Tenth Party Congress in March 1921

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5
Q

Who backed Lenin on the NEP? (3)

A

Bukharin
Zinoviev
most of the leadership

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6
Q

Why didn’t Lenin have a vote on the measures of the NEP?

A

as he knew many of the rank and file would see this as an ideological betrayal

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7
Q

What were the 3 key changes from War Communism to NEP?

A
  • Requisitioning of grain ended
  • small scale industry would return to private hands
  • Rationing was ended
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8
Q

How did the peasantry benefit from the NEP?

A

they were allowed to sell any remaining food on the open market for their own profit

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9
Q

What did the regime promise not to do in regards to the peasantry ?

A

They promised no to try to carry through forcible collectivisation of land

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10
Q

Although the requisitioning of grain had ended with the NEP, what was still required of them?

A

They were still required to give a quota to the State which turned into a tax in 1923

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11
Q

Although private trade would be allowed, what would remain under the control of the state?

A
  • Banks

- Transport

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12
Q

How were industries required to pay their workers?

A

out of profits

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13
Q

What helped money to flow more freely?

A

the opening of private businesses such as shops and restaurants in cities

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14
Q

What re-emerged as a result of the NEP allowing peasants to sell surplus grain?

A

the Kulak class

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15
Q

In 1923 what caused an imbalance in the economy?

A

large quantities of food entered the cities causing food prices to drop

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16
Q

Why did the food prices fall below those of industrial goods in the summer of 1923?

A

as the factories and workshops were taking longer to rebuild and expand their output

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17
Q

What was a result of there being a lack of industrial goods to exchange for grain?

A

The peasants held back supplies

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18
Q

How did the government deal with the hoarding of grain from the peasants?

A

They replaced the peasant quotas with money taxes in 1923 therefore forcing them to sell

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19
Q

What was the state of production levels by 1926?

A

they had reached the same levels as 1913

20
Q

By 1925 how many sole traders were there in Moscow?

21
Q

Who were Nepmen?

A

speculative traders who bought produce from the peasantry to sell in the towns to make profit

22
Q

What % of retail trade did Nepmen control by 1923?

23
Q

Why were Nepmen hated by Bolsheviks?

A

as they flaunted their wealth openly

24
Q

What was Lenin’s argument for the NEP?

A

‘One step forward, two steps back’

25
What did Zinoviev one of the Politburo members who worked out the policy say?
that the NEP was 'only a temporary deviation, a tactical retreat'.
26
What did Lenin compare the NEP to ?
to the Treaty of Brest-litvosk, a measure only to keep the party in power
27
When did Lenin introduce a 'ban on factions' ?
in 1921 at the 10th Party Congress
28
What did the introduction of the ban on factions set in 1921 at the 10th Party Congress mean?
this meant that senior party figures could discuss policy but once the Central Committee had agreed on a policy every Party member had to obey the decision
29
What was an repercussion of disagreeing with policy which was a form of 'faction'?
You would be expelled from the Party
30
How did lenin make sure that there was no relation of political control ?
He banned the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries
31
In what year were several thousands of Mensheviks arrested?
1921
32
What was a show trial which some Social Revolutionaries were given?
a propagandist trial held in public to influence popular opinion rather then securing justice for the accused
33
How many SR's were executed after she trials ?
11
34
What was the Cheka renamed in 1922?
GPU
35
In 1922 what powers did the Cheka have?
had the power to arrest people at will for any reason and carry out the death penalty
36
Why was the death penalty often used by the GPU (Cheka) ?
Used on the accused to persuade people that the regime were determined to suppress any capitalist tendencies
37
When was it made clear that criticism of the government was not tolerated?
1922
38
Who were deported to other parts of the country by the government?
Many writers and intellectuals no matter how prominent
39
What did all writings have to be approved by before publication?
the GLAVIT
40
What was the Union of the Militant Godless?
a group that challenged the existence of God through anti-religion propaganda
41
When was the Union of the Militant Godless set up?
in 1921
42
When were churches stripped of valuable possessions and priests imprisoned or executed?
1922
43
When was the nomenklatura introduced?
1923
44
What was the nomenklatura?
a system where influential posts in government and industry were filled by Party appointees
45
What happened in 1923 after the nomenklatura was introduced?
a list of over 5,000 Party and government posts were drawn up
46
Who nominated the government and industry posts under the nomenklatura introduced in 1923?
only Central Party bodies could from a list of Party members
47
How did the system of nomenklatura (1923) increase party loyalty ?
Anyone who wanted to progress in the Party or government had to be seen to be loyal and not challenge official party policy